arXiv preprints from January 1, 2026 through July 20, 2026 — 15:43:48 EST
The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) offers exceptional spectral resolution and wavelength coverage, which are essential for studying the coldest brown dwarfs, particularly Y dwarfs. These objects are at the cold end of the sub-stellar sequence and exhibit atmospheric phenomena such as cloud formation, chemical disequilibrium, and...
Modern cryopreservation exists at the convergence of diverse disciplines--materials science, physical chemistry, mechanical engineering, biological engineering, etc.--and emerging technologies often draw from many of these disciplines simultaneously. Thermodynamics, as one of the foundational theories underlying both physical and...
Alumina and aluminum oxyhydroxides underpin chemical-engineering technologies from heterogeneous catalysis, corrosion protection, functional coatings, energy-storage devices, to biomedical components. Yet molecular models that predictively connect phase structure, pH-dependent surface chemistry, electrolyte organization, and...
The {$\bfνEYE$} (``new eye'', Neutrino Experiment at YEmilab, \href{https://sites.google.com/korea.ac.kr/the-nueye-telescope} {\tt nuEYE.korea.ac.kr}) neutrino project leverages the existing large pit at Yemilab located in South Korea, to reveal the existence of sterile neutrino, the up-turn of the neutrinos from the Sun, and the...
We present results for the one-loop value of the improvement coefficient $c_\mathrm{SW}$ for Wilson and Brillouin fermions subject to stout smearing or Wilson flow, in combination with Wilson or Symanzik glue. To this end we use a recently developed method that allows one to modify an existing perturbative calculation, like the one...
Large Language Models (LLMs), trained solely on massive text data, have achieved high performance on the Winograd Schema Challenge (WSC), a benchmark proposed to measure commonsense knowledge and reasoning abilities about the real world. This suggests that the language produced by humanity describes a significant portion of the world...
We derive the quantum filter for a quantum open system undergoing quadrature measurements (homodyning) where the input field is in a general quasi-free state. This extends previous work for thermal input noise and allows for squeezed inputs. We introduce a convenient class of Bogoliubov transformations which we refer to as balanced...
Photonic crystals allow unprecedented control over how light is confined, propagates, and interacts with matter. Their development has had a transformative impact on optics and physics, and they remain the central platform for both fundamental discoveries and practical photonic technologies. However, the relatively large footprint and...
We present a new first-principles analytic approach to interpreting eclipses and phase curves of rocky planets. Observations with JWST have reported nondetections of atmospheres around the majority of hot rocky planets orbiting M dwarfs. However, most of these "bare rock" inferences are based on models that are ill-suited to many...
Artificial Intelligence is rapidly transforming materials science and engineering, offering powerful tools to navigate complexity, accelerate discovery, and optimize material design in ways previously unattainable. Driven by the accelerating pace of algorithmic advancements and increasing data availability, AI is becoming an essential...
Micro-Pattern Gas Detectors (MPGDs) are extensively employed in modern high-energy and nuclear Physics experiments because of their excellent spatial resolution, high rate capability, and operational stability. Among these, the Gas Electron Multiplier (GEM) has emerged as one of the most widely adopted MPGD technologies. Despite their...
Despite the importance of magnetic fields in massive stars, their origin is widely debated and still not well understood. With the mounting evidence for the importance of studying magnetic fields in interacting massive binary and multiple systems, it appears necessary to investigate the presence of magnetic fields in semi-detached...
We identify a minimal superspace projector that uniquely selects the Rarita Schwinger mass bilinear in four-dimensional N=1 supergravity. Working in a reduced superspace with a single fermionic direction, we show that Berezin projection of a canonical even supergeometric form isolates the unique Lorentz-invariant fermionic bilinear...
Strong Coulomb interactions in two-dimensional (2D) semiconductors give rise to tightly bound excitons, exciton polarons, and correlated electronic phases such as Wigner crystals (WCs), yet their mutual interplay remains poorly understood. Here we report the observation of multi-branch excitonic Umklapp scattering in both electron and...
Baseball consists of two teams alternating between batting and fielding while competing to score runs through sequential pitching events. Recent advances in tracking technology have enabled all Major League Baseball (MLB) clubs to record every pitch with high resolution, yet most quantitative studies have primarily emphasized...
Vibrational-encoded fluorescence spectro-microscopies are emerging as powerful tools for studying molecular vibrations with the unparalleled sensitivity of fluorescence spectroscopy. We recently described one such technique, termed bond-selective fluorescence-detected infrared-excited (BonFIRE) spectro-microscopy. Currently, prospects...
This paper presents the first thermodynamic assessment of binary and pseudo-binary phase diagrams in the Ba--La--S and Ga--La--S systems by means of the CALPHAD method. Experimental phase diagram equilibrium data and thermodynamic properties available from the literature were critically reviewed and assessed using thermodynamic models...
Low-temperature plasma processing is a promising technique for tailoring transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs). For chalcogen substitution processing, a key challenge is to identify the ion energy window that enables selective chalcogen removal while preserving the metal lattice. Using ab-initio molecular dynamics (AIMD), we...
Fast Radio Bursts (FRBs) are millisecond-duration radio transients of mysterious origin, with growing evidence linking at least some of them to magnetars. While FRBs are primarily observed in the radio band, their potential multi-wavelength afterglows remain largely unexplored. We investigate the possible afterglow of FRB 20171020A, a...
Fast radio bursts (FRBs) are mysterious radio transients with uncertain origins and environments. Recent studies suggest that some active FRBs may originate from compact objects in binary systems. In this work, we develop a unified theoretical framework to model the multi-wavelength afterglows of FRBs resided in binary systems and...
Escape trajectories from the Earth-Moon system play an important role in interplanetary transfer. This paper focuses on the escape trajectories from a 167 km circular Earth orbit in the Earth-Moon planar circular three-body problem and the Sun-Earth/Moon planar bicircular four-body problem and is denoted to providing a comprehensive...
Eliminating cryogenic operating requirements while preserving microsecond-scale quantum coherence and enabling CMOS scalability remains a central challenge for telecom quantum technologies. Addressing this, we introduce a CMOS-compatible quantum system comprising single-erbium-(Er)-ion qudits (five-level systems) operating across the...
Metasurface coupling constitutes a fundamental yet intricate electromagnetic interaction that occurs within a lattice of artificial subwavelength unit cells. Despite its prevalence, such coupling is typically ignored in conventional metasurface design frameworks due to the high characterization complexity, leading to suboptimal device...
Tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TERS) typically relies on high-NA excitation to generate a strong axial field at the tip apex, which shortens the working distance and constrains sample geometries. We show that a plasmonic bi-cavity tip, the plasmon-tunable tip pyramid (PTTP), co-tuned in nanopyramid length L and plateau length W,...
In this work, we focus on the possible linear relation between short-range correlations (SRCs) and the EMC effect for partons in nuclei. First, we test a linear relationship pertaining to gluons in bound nuclei; it is manifested as a correlation between the slope of the reduced cross section ratio in deep inelastic scattering (DIS)...