Agentic research is oxymoronic
The use of agentic large language models obviates human interpretation of scientific results, and will lead to substantial distrust in the literature.
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Physics
arXiv preprints from January 1, 2026 through September 20, 2026 — 16:54:49 EST
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Ad Astra White Paper: A Pitch for the Next 25 Years of NASA's Physics of the Cosmos Program
Astrophysical observations of our universe have been key to our understanding of how the universe works. Shortly after the turn of the millennium, the National Research Council delivered \textit{Connecting Quarks with the Cosmos: Eleven Science Questions for the New Century}. In the subsequent quarter-century, we have made substantial...
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Bosonic codes from compact phase spaces
We present the algebraic structure of bosonic quantum error-correcting codes on genus-two Riemann surfaces. We explicitly construct the code words as automorphic forms and analytically generate the full tower of code spaces at all weights. We prove a fundamental no-go theorem: for any genus greater than one, the stabilizer group is...
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Engineering multi-photon dissipation with a dc-voltage-biased Josephson junction
Multi-photon dissipation -- a key resource for bosonic qubits -- is usually realized by parametrically pumping a Josephson coupler at the cost of spurious nonlinear terms. Here we instead engineer it using a dc-voltage-biased SQUID, such that these parasitic terms average out. We activate the conversion of one, two, or four photons of...
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Slysh haloes: the waste heat of cold computing as a submillimetre technosignature
Searches for Dysonian waste heat have operated almost exclusively in the mid-infrared and are therefore sensitive primarily to technology radiating at 100-600K. We argue that mature, computation-dominated civilisations may instead dissipate much of their energy at far lower temperatures. The Landauer cost of irreversible computation...
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Coarse-grained models for loop quantum gravity and their renormalization
We introduce a family of effective theories and use them to define a specific type of coarse-grained models for canonical loop quantum gravity. Each effective theory is characterized by two parameters and it consists mainly of a Hilbert space of coarse states and an effective Hamiltonian operator. The construction of the coarse...
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The large $N$ vector model with angular velocity
We study the free energy of the critical $O(N)$ vector model at large $N$ on $S^{1}\times S^{2}$ with an angular velocity $\hatμ$ without the singlet constraint. The leading high-temperature behaviour is determined analytically both as an expansion about $\hatμr=0$ and $\hatμ^{2}r^{2}=1$ where $r$ is the radius of the sphere. We...
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Trade-off between Cooling-Step Count and Geometric Implementation Cost in Non-Markovian Algorithmic Cooling
Quantum cooling is important for reliable quantum computation but involves a trade-off between cooling performance and implementation resources. Although reservoir memory can improve particular aspects of cooling performance, the associated resource cost, particularly for circuit implementation, remains insufficiently understood....
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Emergence and suppression of phonon vortices in two-dimensional crystals: Interplay of lattice symmetry, heavy impurities, and shear
Phonon vortices are vortex-like displacement fields that appear in the vibrational modes of two- dimensional materials. Here, we demonstrate that these vortices arise as symmetry-adapted linear combinations of degenerate planar phonon modes, with the superposition coefficients uniquely de- termined by the lattice point group. This...
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Topological and spin-orbit effects on orbital moments in ultra-thin magnetic films
Topological orbital moments (TOMs) are a direct hallmark of a magnetic texture with a non-trivial spin topology. In addition to giving insight into the topology of the magnetic texture, TOMs could also be used to manipulate magnetic structures with a compensated total spin moment. Experimental evidence of TOMs has been provided via...
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Astrometric modeling of unresolved variable binary systems. II. Application to Gaia epoch astrometry of nearby pulsating and convective red giants
(Abbreviated) The interpretation of high-precision astrometry for intrinsically variable stars remains challenging, particularly for unresolved binary systems containing asymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars. In such systems, large-amplitude pulsations and evolving convective surface structures induce time-dependent photocentre...
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Generation of Isolated Collimated Polarized $γ$-ray Beams via Spatiotemporal Optical Vortex Modulation
Attosecond, collimated, bright, polarized $γ$-ray sources are in high demand across nuclear physics, astrophysics, and high-energy physics. However, realizing attosecond duration, high collimation, high brilliance, and high polarization simultaneously within a single isolated source remains an outstanding challenge, owing to the...
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Origin of small-scale evaporation flows deep in the chromosphere during a solar flare
Flares are caused by an abrupt release of magnetic energy in the solar atmosphere. Plasma heated to well over 10 MK filling the post-flare corona originates from a rapid heating and ablation of the cooler chromospheric material. This chromospheric evaporation is thought to be facilitated primarily by nonthermal electrons impinging on...
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Toward Ionization Cluster Size Measurements with a Compact Nanodosimeter
Nanodosimetry aims to provide measurable quantities related to the nanoscopic particle track structure, which determines the biological effectiveness of radiation. While simulated nanodosimetry has already demonstrated its potential for radiation treatment planning, the experimental realization of practical nanodosimetric detectors is...
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A Morse-Family Integrator for Hamilton--Jacobi Dynamics Across Caustics
We develop a geometric framework for implicit discrete Hamiltonian systems based on discrete Morse families, Lagrangian relations, and discrete analogues of Tulczyjew's triple. The main idea is to regard the Lagrangian submanifold defining the discrete dynamics, rather than an explicit symplectic evolution map, as the fundamental...
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Tracing Radial Migration in the Outer Disk: A Comprehensive Analysis of the Old Open Cluster Berkeley 36
We present a chemo-kinematical, structural, and photometric analysis of the old open cluster Berkeley 36 using Gaia DR3 astrometry and photometry together with high-resolution spectroscopy from the Gaia-ESO Survey DR5.1. Applying a Gaussian Mixture Model to Gaia astrometry, we identify 946 high-probability cluster members. We derive a...
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Beyond sensitivity: mechanism-resolved error budgets for designing quantum sensors
Quantum sensors are specified by a headline sensitivity, yet applications also demand accuracy and reliability. The dominant limiter of one metric is often known, but no method resolves how interacting mechanisms combine into a signed, per-mechanism budget for each metric. We introduce a framework that computes a sensor's sensitivity,...
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Exact quantification of nonlocal magic
Magic, or nonstabilizerness, is the resource that lifts Clifford circuits to universal quantum computation and has become a standard diagnostic of many-body states. For a state shared between two parties, however, a basic question has remained open: how much of the magic resides in the correlations between the parties rather than in...
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The Lagrangian Amplituhedron
The article constructs the Lagrangian analog of the amplituhedron, studies its geometric properties and BCFW decompositions.
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Machine learned designs of functional colloidal foldamers
A protein's function follows from the structure it adopts, and which structure that is depends on the pathway taken. In programmable matter the target is fixed before assembly, and whatever else forms is treated as error. Here we show that pathways themselves form a design space. Using reinforcement learning, we fold model DNA-coated...
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ExoMOD II. A Statistical Model of Transit Timing Variations in Kepler Multi-Planet Systems
In Paper I (Nesvorný et al. 2026), we forward modeled transit observations of the Kepler telescope to characterize the orbital properties of close-in planetary systems. The new population model, ExoMOD, was calibrated on Kepler's DR25 data. Here we use ExoMOD to statistically predict Transit Timing Variations (TTVs) from...
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ExoMOD I. A Forward Model for the Orbital Architecture of Kepler Multi-Planet Systems
Transit observations only detect planets with favorable, near edge-on orientation of orbits as seen by a distant observer, which leaves much freedom for various interpretations in terms of the underlying planetary system architecture. Here we forward model transit observations of the Kepler telescope to characterize the orbital...
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Switchable chiral antiferromagnetism through nonlinear magnetic susceptibility
Antiferromagnets (AFM) have attracted considerable attention in recent years because a number of nontrivial, technologically relevant properties associated with time-reversal symmetry (TRS) breaking are discovered in many materials. However, time-reversal (TR) partners of AFM states are generally challenging to be selected...
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The Pomeron loop as a perturbative correction to single Pomeron exchange revisited
Pomeron loops are known to arise naturally as building blocks of high energy scattering amplitudes as soon as one starts to consider corrections to single Pomeron exchange, i.e. to high energy resummation based on the Balitsky-Fadin-Kuraev-Lipatov evolution equation. While some authors argue that Pomeron loops provide only very small...
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Deciphering Matter Invariants via Renormalization Group Equations for Neutrino Oscillations
We utilize renormalization group equations (RGEs) for neutrino oscillations in matter to decipher the structure of exact matter invariants. By combining the RGEs with the $S^{}_3$ permutation covariance under relabeling of the neutrino mass eigenstates, we recast all five algebraically independent matter invariants in the three-flavor...