arXiv preprints from January 1, 2026 through September 19, 2026 — 07:20:49 EST
Long-term climate data exhibit variations composed of internal and forced components. Internal variability arises from natural processes that could occur within a stable climate. Forced variability, on the other hand, reflects climate changes induced, for example, by anthropogenic greenhouse gas and aerosol emissions. Accurately...
Quantum metrology with indefinite causal order (ICO) has attracted intense interest due to its potential to surpass the limitations of conventional fixed-order strategies. A key open question is whether ICO can fundamentally enhance asymptotic precision scaling. In this work, we bridge this gap for the estimation of a single parameter...
Much of the literature on neutrinoless double beta ($0νββ$) decay with light new-physics mediators focuses on invisible missing energy. We investigate the scenario in which a massive Majoron-like particle $φ$ is produced on-shell during $0νββ$ decay and subsequently decays into visible final states after travelling a macroscopic...
We evaluate quasi-periodic oscillations and jet formation in tidal disruption events using the covariant formulation of electromagnetic angular-momentum transfer. General-relativistic frame-dragging tears apart misaligned transient accretion flows, forming an isolated inner mini-disk. The accumulation of magnetic flux on the event...
We investigate how dipolar interactions between microwave-shielded polar molecules structure the self-bound droplets formed under variation of the interaction strength. We identify the transition from droplets to crystals as a finite-size first order transition. With droplet-ring states and transitional supersolid states we predict...
Disease spread represents an increasing challenge in refugee and internally displaced person (IDP) settlements. The movement and interaction of people within camps is influenced by their layout, which therefore has the potential to significantly affect disease spread. This work aims at creating a methodology to explore the potential...
Using TESS photometry and 147 HARPS radial velocities, we confirm two extremely irradiated, volatile-rich sub-Neptunes near the lower edge of the Neptunian desert: TOI-426 b and TOI-1839 b, orbiting the solar-type stars HD 34390 and TYC 304-865-1. We modelled stellar activity with shared-timescale and multidimensional Gaussian...
Reconstructing the initial conditions of the Universe from late-time tracers would unlock cosmological information buried by non-linear structure formation and astrophysics. We reconstruct the initial density field at $z\sim300$ from simulated 21-cm and CO(1-0) line-intensity maps at $z\sim8$ generated with LIMFAST. Using a...
Recent findings from Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) Baryon Acoustic Oscillation (BAO) measurements, combined with Type Ia supernovae and Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) data, suggest potential parameter-level deviations from $Λ\text{CDM}$. However, parameter exclusions omit prior-volume penalties, whereas Bayesian...
We study the flat-space limit of AdS$_5$/CFT$_4$ holographic correlators while accounting for the simultaneous decompactification of the internal S$^5$. We show that this limit is naturally formulated in terms of master propagators and correlators, which resum the infinite tower of Kaluza--Klein modes. For boundary correlators, the...
Time-series foundation models produce rich embeddings, but whether quantum models can exploit them, and how far hybrid classical-quantum architectures scale, remains unclear. We address this by fine-tuning Chronos for power-grid event classification (PSML-5) with a quantum head on the model's embeddings. Grouping embeddings by...
In a scalar effective field theory (EFT) with Galileon symmetry, we distinguish the strong-field expansion from the derivative expansion and study spherically symmetric classical nonlinear dynamics. More concretely, we consider two models related via perturbative field redefinitions: one with second-order equations that can also...
Multiparameter quantum estimation in open optomechanical systems is fundamentally constrained by dissipation, thermal fluctuations, and measurement incompatibility. In this work, we investigate a coupled-cavity optomechanical platform in which two mechanical modes interact with driven optical cavities, two-mode squeezed vacuum,...
Observations of Wolf-Rayet (WR) stars in binaries in the SMC and LMC suggest a preference for short period ($P\lesssim30$ days) orbits, with an apparent absence of WRs in long-period systems. The Galactic population does extend to longer periods but shows a deficit in long-period WR binaries compared to their progenitors, the O-star...
Using low-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy we investigate the charge state, magnetic excitations, and Kondo features of individual Sm adatoms on graphene/Ir(111). Depending on the number and distance of their neighbors, Sm atoms can be in two discrete charge states. At certain distances, a reversible transition between these...
Interstellar objects allow us to compare the early planetary formation process in the Solar System and around other stars. The second and third interstellar objects, 2I/Borisov and 3I/ATLAS, showed visible signs of activity, making it possible to assess their composition via spectroscopic analysis of their gas coma. While neutral...
The LUX-ZEPLIN (LZ) experiment recently reported a single event consistent with a nuclear recoil of $E_{\rm NR}\sim248\pm23\,(\mathrm{stat})\pm23\,(\mathrm{syst})$~keV in an extended-energy search. We study the accompanying inelastic-xenon channel, $χ+\Xe\toχ+\Xe^{*}$, which provides a complementary test of DM interpretations of such...
Photons are mutually nearly noninteracting particles, so thermalized photon ensembles are commonly obtained not from direct particle-particle-interactions but rather from contact with matter, which can constitute a reservoir for the photon gas. We develop a theory model for photons in a material-filled (e.g. liquid dye) optical...
Understanding how galaxy evolution is affected in forming high-z overdensities is a major open question in modern astrophysics. Here, we present the average properties of the quiescent galaxy population recently identified in the core of the Spiderweb protocluster at z = 2.16. By stacking observations from the Hubble Space Telescope...
Establishing a robust and physically interpretable link between static structure and heterogeneous relaxation dynamics remains a fundamental challenge in glass physics. Here, we introduce a weighted pair-entropy descriptor based on the conventional two-body excess entropy. For this, we multiply the integrand used to calculate the...
We analyze thermoelectric response of composite materials comprising homogeneous semiconductor hosts with randomly distributed metallic inclusions. We demonstrate that the properties of such materials are strongly affected by the percolation transition (with background conductivity). We show that in vicinity of percolation threshold,...
We introduce ROCKETS (Rocket-driven Cluster Kinematics & Triggered Star-formation), a Gaia based programme investigating kinematic fingerprints of stellar feedback or rocket effect in young star forming regions. We analyse two young clusters with O-type stars enclosed by mid-infrared bubbles, Collinder 69 and IC 1396 as a...
We show new results of a global 3D magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulation of the Boston University outer heliosphere model where we used a newly developed approach that distributes the non-adiabatic shock heating among the cold protons, electrons, and pickup-ions (PUIs), while maintaining total energy conservation of all ions (cold...
We present the photometric--microlensing metallicity method, which enables metallicity measurements of M-dwarf lenses out to bulge distances by combining their multi-band photometry with the angular Einstein radius. The cool atmospheres of M dwarfs contain abundant molecules, whose broad absorption bands make their positions in an...
The launch of JWST has enabled unprecedented atmospheric characterization of exoplanets. In particular, the JWST-MIRI instrument in the mid-infrared enables probing of molecular species that are harder to detect in the near-infrared. This has come to the fore with the first MIRI-LRS observation of a candidate hycean world, K2-18 b,...