arXiv preprints from January 1, 2026 through July 20, 2026 — 22:56:16 EST
In this letter, we consider a bilevel optimization problem in which the outer-level objective function is strongly convex, whereas the inner-level problem consists of a finite sum of convex functions. Bilevel optimization problems arise in situations where the inner-level problem does not have a unique solution. This has led to the...
Carbon capture and storage or utilization (CCUS) will play an important role to achieve climate neutrality in many economies. Pipelines are widely regarded as the most efficient means of CO2 transport; however, they are currently non-existent. Policy-makers and companies need to develop large-scale infrastructure under substantial...
We prove that for a non-isotrivial abelian scheme over a smooth curve, the genus of a generic sequence of multi-sections with small heights tends to infinity. As an application, we give a new proof of the uniform boundedness of $\ell$-primary torsion points on fibers of an abelian scheme over a smooth curve, a result originally...
We compute the stable Faltings height of the hyperelliptic curve $X_n\colon y^2=x^{n}-1$ for every odd integer $n\ge 3$ in terms of special values of Euler's gamma function. In particular, we prove the bounds $$-0.975n< h_{\mathrm{Fal}}(X_n)-\tfrac{n}{8}\log n<\tfrac{9}{64}n\log\log n-0.263n.$$ As an application, we bound the Faltings...
Let $R = W(k)$ be the ring of Witt vectors over an algebraically closed field $k$ of characteristic $p > 2$. Let $M$ be a three-dimensional regular integral flat projective $R$-scheme such that $H^0(M,\mathcal{O}_M) = R$ and the anticanonical sheaf $ω_M^{-1}$ is ample. We show that $M$ is globally $+$-regular if the closed fiber $M_k$...
We show that for $\gg K^2$ of the half-integral weight Hecke cusp forms in the Kohnen plus subspaces with weight bounded by a large parameter $K$, the number of "real" zeroes grows at the expected rate. A key technical step in the proof is to obtain sharp bounds for the mollified first and second moments of quadratic twists of modular...
Given finite groups $H \leq G$, a representation $σ$ of $G$ is called center-preserving on $H$ if the only elements of $H$ that become central under $σ$ are those that were already central in $G$. We prove that if $H$ has a faithful irreducible representation $ρ$, then at least one of the irreducible components of the induction...
We study a series of dynamical concepts for self-maps in the primal topology induced by them. Among the concepts studied are non-wandering points, limit points, recurrent points, minimal sets, transitive points and self-maps, topologically ergodic self-maps, weakly mixing self-maps, strongly mixing self-maps, Lyapunov stable...
We prove the existence of non-hydrodynamic solutions to the linear density-dependent BGK equation in $d$ dimensions. Specifically, we show the existence of an initial condition for any Knudsen number $τ$ for which the dissipation rate of the macroscopic mass density diverges $\sim 1/τ$. Our results rely on a detailed spectral analysis...
This paper investigates the derived and spectral analogs of logarithmic geometry. We develop the deformation theory for animated log rings and $\mathbb{E}_\infty$-log rings and examine the corresponding theories of derived and spectral log stacks. Furthermore, we define moduli stacks for derived and spectral log structures and...
An integer program is called ideal if its continuous relaxation coincides with its convex hull allowing the problem to be solved as a continuous program and offering substantial computational advantages. Proving idealness analytically can be extraordinarily tedious -- even for small formulations -- such proofs often span many pages of...
The classic upper bound on the chromatic number of $d$-degenerate graphs is $d+1$, shown to be tight by complete graphs. A natural question is whether this bound remains tight if one forbids large cliques. Classic constructions of Tutte and Zykov from the early 50s show that there exist $d$-degenerate $(d+1)$-chromatic graphs that are...
In this paper we study the Wahl map for the normalization of a $δ$-nodal curve $C$ on a Hirzebruch surface $\mathbb{F}_{n}$ for $n\geq 0$. Let $σ:X\rightarrow \mathbb{F}_{n}$ be the blow up of $\mathbb{F}_{n}$ along the $δ$ nodes of $C$ and let $\widetilde{C}$ be the normalization of $C$ under $σ$. Let $K_{X}$ be the canonical bundle...
As the binomial edge ideal of a graph is always generated by homogeneous quadratic polynomials corresponding to the edges of the graph, the question of when a binomial edge ideal defines a Koszul algebra has been studied by many authors ever since the class of ideals was first defined. Several partial results are known, including a...
In this article, we are concerned about the velocity tracking optimal control problem for 3D critical convective Brinkman-Forchheimer equations defined on a simply connected bounded domain $\mathbb{D}\subset\mathbb{R}^3$ with $\mathrm{C}^2$-boundary $\partial\mathbb{D}$. The control is introduced through an external force. The...
This book presents a comprehensive regularity theory for solutions of elliptic, parabolic, and kinetic equations. The foundation of this theory was laid by E. De Giorgi's groundbreaking resolution of Hilbert's nineteenth problem in 1956. The innovative tools he developed to tackle this problem proved to be remarkably versatile. In...
In this article we explain the connection between the famous problemfrom the IMO 1988 and elements of small norms in quadratic number fields with parametrized units.
This study investigates a stochastic version of a class of non-Newtonian fluids governed by third-grade fluid equations, which exhibit complex and highly nonlinear dynamics. In particular, we address the random dynamics and asymptotic behavior of stochastic third-grade fluid equations (STGFEs) driven by a \emph{linear multiplicative...
Controlling the $\mathcal W_\infty$ Wasserstein distance by the $\mathcal W_p$ Wasserstein distance is interesting both for theorical and numerical applications. A first paper on this problem was written several years ago [3]. Some year later [14] framed it in the same inequality for more general costs which increase with the...
In this article, we investigate the long-term dynamics of a class of two- and three-dimensional non-Newtonian fluids of differential type, known as third-grade fluids. We first show that when the external forcing is sufficiently small, the global attractor of the underlying system (which characterizes its asymptotic behavior) reduces...
We introduce a notion of non-commutative joint independence for multiple algebras in a non-commutative probability space. The pairwise relationships between these algebras are encoded by a graph with two edge sets -- a combinatorial structure we call a bigraph -- and naturally encompass the five fundamental types of independence:...
Let $(Σ^2,ds^2)$ be a compact Riemannian surface, possibly with boundary, and consider Schrödinger-type operators of the form $L=Δ+V-aK$ together with natural Robin and Steklov-type boundary conditions incorporating a boundary potential $W$ and (in the curvature-corrected setting) the geodesic curvature $κ_g$ of $\partialΣ$. Our main...
We propose a penalty-based smoothing framework for convex nonsmooth functions with a supremum structure. The regularization yields a differentiable surrogate with controlled approximation error, a single-valued dual maximizer, and explicit gradient formulas. We then study an accelerated inertial dynamic with vanishing damping driven...
We formulate the flow of thick fluids as evolution variational and quasi-variational inequalities, with a variable threshold on the absolute value of the deformation rate tensor. In the variational case, we show the existence and uniqueness of strong and weak solutions in the viscous case and also the existence of strong and weak...
We study embeddings of $L^p$-operator algebras arising from (twis\-ted) étale groupoids, with particular emphasis on rigidity phenomena for $p\neq 2$. Our methods rely on a detailed analysis of core normalizers and their functorial behavior under algebra homomorphisms. Using the notion of actors between groupoids, we show that under...