arXiv preprints from January 1, 2026 through September 19, 2026 — 07:20:49 EST
We study finite-step replica symmetry breaking (RSB) in mixed even $p$-spin Ising spin glasses at positive temperature and zero external field. For every integer $k\geq1$, we construct finite polynomial mixtures whose Parisi measures are exactly $k$-RSB, with each such phase persisting on an open set of coefficients. More generally,...
We develop a new framework, inspired by Schmidt's games, to study the Lagrange spectrum for simultaneous Diophantine approximation in dimension $d\geq 2$. We show the Hausdorff dimension of the set of points in $\mathbb{R}^{d}$ whose best approximation constant lies in $[\varepsilon,\varepsilon(1+δ\varepsilon^{d})]$, for some constant...
Bayesian pseudo-posteriors based on moment conditions, such as Bayesian empirical likelihood (EL) and Bayesian exponentially tilted empirical likelihood (ETEL), provide a robust route to Bayesian inference when the model is specified only through moment restrictions, but their computation is often prohibitive. In this work, we address...
Ferraguti and Micheli introduced the width of an $F$-set and conjectured that non-trivial $F$-sets of arbitrary width exist over every finite field. For $q\neq 2,3$, their constructions give examples of widths one and two. We prove that, for every $q\neq 2,3$ and every integer $r\geq 1$, there exists an infinite, non-trivial $F$-set...
Recently, the study of the number of $k$-colored generalized Frobenius partitions, denoted by $cφ_k(n)$, has witnessed renewed interest. In this paper, we investigate congruence properties of $cφ_{16}(n)$ and $cφ_{18}(n)$. Our main result is a proof of the conjecture of Cui, Gu, and Tang \cite{CGT25} that, for all $n\ge0$,...
Whether the constant $$G=\sum_{k=0}^\infty\frac{(-1)^k}{(2k+1)^2}=\frac1{1^2}-\frac1{3^2}+\frac1{5^2}-\frac1{7^2}+\cdots$$ introduced by Catalan in the nineteen century is irrational, is a long-standing open problem. In this paper we prove the irrationality of $G$ via using suitable weights.
We study the properties of the $dd^Φ$-operator on $8$-dimensional Spin(7)-manifolds with torsion-free Spin(7)-structures $Φ$. These operators were first introduced by Harvey and Lawson (An introduction to potential theory in calibrated geometry. Am.J. Math. 131.4 (2009), arXiv:0710.3920). We prove a Hodge decomposition theorem for the...
In this paper, we address the subconvexity problem in level aspect for symmetric square $L$-functions for cuspidal automorphic representation of $\mathrm{GL}_2(\mathbb{Q})$ with a prescribed local ramification at prime $p$. To be more precise, let $π$ be a tempered cuspidal automorphic representation of conductor $q(π)=p^2$ with a...
We construct a nonempty $C^k$-open family, for some $k\in\mathbb{N}$, of smooth, autonomous, divergence-free velocity fields on $\mathbb{T}^3$ that generate fast dynamos. This resolves the Fast Dynamo Conjecture of Zeldovich and Sakharov, as recorded in Arnold's book of problems. We first construct a family of smooth, time-periodic...
We determine the growth scale of the optimal constants in the real anisotropic Bohnenblust--Hille inequality. For an exponent vector $\mathbf q^{(m)}$, write $C_{\mathbf q^{(m)}}^{(m)}$ for its optimal constant and $d_m$ for its diameter. These constants are superpolynomial precisely when $m d_m/\log m\to\infty$; throughout this...
This paper is the third and final article in a series of papers constructing the canonical conformally invariant metric on the set of loops of the conformal loop ensemble (CLE) with critical parameter $κ=4$. The previous two articles construct, as a subsequential limit of the renormalized graph metric on the loops of CLE$_κ$ as...
We continue our study of the conformal loop ensemble (CLE) with parameter $κ=4$, the critical threshold at or below which the loops are simple and disjoint, touching neither each other nor the domain boundary. This paper is the second in a series of three establishing that the loops of a CLE$_4$ uniquely determine a conformally...
We consider the conformal loop ensemble (CLE) with the parameter $κ=4$, the critical value at or below which the loops are simple and do not intersect each other or the domain boundary. We show that the loops of a CLE$_4$ uniquely determine a conformally invariant, local, and geodesic metric so that the metric ball growth from the...
We study probabilistic numerical methods for solving nonlinear PDEs from a Bayesian nonparametric perspective. Given noisy evaluations at random collocation points, we place a truncated Gaussian series prior on the unknown solution and establish contraction at the minimax nonparametric rate, up to a logarithmic factor. Our main...
In this paper, we consider a class of Riemannian nonsmooth composite expectation optimization problems, which arises in various machine learning, signal processing, and statistics applications. Noting that these problems admit structured minimax reformulations, we propose an efficient algorithm, named stochastic Riemannian alternating...
Probability plays two distinct roles in modern data-analytic practice: (i) as an internally coherent, filtration-relative language for sequential forecasting and, together with a stated loss or utility, decision making; and (ii) as a foundation for empirical claims such as stabilization, calibration, and repeated-sampling validity....
We study the near $L^1$ behavior of the maximally quadratically modulated Hilbert transform \[ \mathcal{C}_2f(x) := \sup_λ \left|\operatorname{p.v.} \int_{\mathbb{R}}f(x-y)e^{2 πi λy^2} \frac{\mathrm{d} y }{y} \right| \] and its lacunary counterpart obtained by restricting $λ$ to $2^{\mathbb{Z}}.$ We prove that if $Φ$ is a Young...
This paper investigates a two player zero-sum stochastic differential game characterized by three distinct regimes, reflecting the regime switching dynamics within the system. We aim to derive an explicit solution for a number of configurations of the switching system by means of the viscosity solutions approach. In particular, we...
Let \(S\) be a smooth projective complex surface with irregularity \(q=h^{1,0}(S)\) and geometric genus \(g=h^{2,0}(S)\), and let \(S^{[n]}\) denote its Hilbert scheme of \(n\) points. We prove that, for every \(n\ge0\), the sequence \[ \left(h^{p,0}\bigl(S^{[n]}\bigr)\right)_{p=0}^{2n} \] is log-concave if and only if...
Let $p$ be a prime. We prove nontrivial bounds on short sums of Dirichlet characters mod $p$ evaluated at a class of polynomials, not necessarily homogeneous, in $n$ variables and of degree $k$. For large $n$, we further achieve nontrivial bounds for sums over boxes with side-lengths as short as $p^{1/(k-1)+\varepsilon}$, which breaks...
We define the new basis of the Grothendieck group of unipotent representations in an exceptional Weyl group, making more precise and correcting results in previous papers.
What are the transversality conditions for an optimal control problem when the boundary conditions are defined by differential equations? This seemingly bizarre question is motivated by trajectory optimization problems in the $N$-body system. The question, however, is more fundamental and goes beyond problems in astrodynamics to...
This paper studies the computation of strong solutions of monotone variational inequalities (VIs) with Lipschitz continuous operators. Building on the idea of accumulative regularization, we develop a general framework for VIs, with particular emphasis on stochastic settings. Under unbiased stochastic oracles with uniformly bounded...
This dissertation studies Cartan representations: representations of certain Coxeter groups as the Weyl groups of Kac-Moody algebras. It sets out and proves conditions for these representations to be isomorphic to each other, the reflection representation of the Coxeter group, and their dual representations, and gives partial results...
We study the large-depth behavior of residual networks whose weights are correlated across layers at initialization. Our results confirm and extend a conjecture of Marion et al. [2025], according to which correlated initializations should interpolate continuously between the Brownian stochastic differential equation arising from...