arXiv preprints from January 1, 2026 through September 19, 2026 — 03:57:04 EST
This paper establishes a unified non-linear regularization framework for high-dimensional $M$-estimation, encompassing both linear models and Cox's proportional hazards models. Rather than relying on traditional additive non-convex penalties which pose severe optimization challenges, the proposed paradigm embeds sparsity directly into...
Materials discovery and design campaigns can be formulated as constrained multi-objective Bayesian optimization (CMOBO) problems, within which each experimental decision negotiates between two coupled but competing goals: discovering feasible candidates and refining the underlying Pareto front. Here we recast acquisition-function...
Multivariate longitudinal data may exhibit non-Gaussian margins, nonlinear dynamics, and response vectors with composition that varies across waves. To account for these features, we introduce a vector drawable vine (VD-vine) copula that extends conventional drawable vine copulas from scalar to vector-valued nodes. Here, the response...
Active subspace methods provide a framework for quantifying predictive uncertainty in high-dimensional models by identifying and performing inference along parameter directions that have the greatest influence on the model output. However, the construction of active subspaces requires storing many full-dimensional model gradients,...
Confidence intervals of location (CIL) of calling marine mammals, derived from time-differences-of-arrival (TDOA) between receivers, depend on errors of TDOAs, receiver location, clocks, sound speeds, and location method. When these errors are minuscule, simulations yield small errors of PAMGuard's 3D simplex localizer when click...
Enhanced performance of quantum reservoir computing has been associated with dynamical phase transitions, but whether this connection extends to dissipative systems and which relaxation mechanisms underlie it remain insufficiently understood. We systematically compare driven-dissipative Kerr reservoirs across first-order and...
We study how a close passage past an intermediate-mass black hole (IMBH) changes the evolution of an eccentric white dwarf (WD) binary that has nominal Roche lobe overflow at internal pericenter. Using three-dimensional smoothed particle hydrodynamics, we follow binaries with eccentricity $e_{\rm in}=0.6$ and mass ratios $q=0.2$ --...
Many signal processing tasks require intensive computations. Quantum computing promises to accelerate certain tasks, but algorithms must be designed around the limitations of quantum mechanics. This paper provides a quantum implementation of finite impulse response (FIR) filters, which are a widely used tool in classical signal...
Primordial black holes (PBHs) formed in the early universe represent a well-motivated dark matter candidate. However, their abundance in the intermediate-to-high mass range ($10^6$-$10^9\,M_\odot$) remains relatively less constrained. In this mass regime, the corresponding Einstein radii on the milliarcsecond scale make Very Long...
The application of microfabricated nanocalorimeters for real-time, highly sensitive, and selective monitoring of the energy fluxes from low-pressure plasma discharges has been reported recently. Here, we describe the experimental setup for complementary characterization of nanocalorimeters performance using plasma diagnostics...
Sequential thermal evaporation (sTE) is emerging as a solvent-free route to high-quality mid-bandgap perovskites, but its extension to mixed-halide wide-bandgap (WBG) and Sn-Pb narrow-bandgap (NBG) absorbers for all-perovskite tandem solar cells (TSCs) remains limited by an incomplete understanding of solid-state conversion. Here,...
The dynamical dielectric response of twisted bilayer graphene is explored in large-angle dispersive-band and small-angle quasi-flat-band regimes using time-dependent density-functional theory within the random-phase approximation. At the reference bilayer-graphene interlayer distance, weak coupling in the largest-angle structures...
The relentless proliferation of the Internet of Things (IoT), wearable bioelectronics, and cyber-physical infrastructure has rendered the conventional electrochemical battery the single most prohibitive bottleneck to long-term, maintenance-free autonomous microsystems. Energy harvesting, i.e. the conversion of ambient mechanical,...
Ultra-short-period (USP) rocky exoplanets can have dayside temperatures high enough to maintain permanent magma oceans, sitting at the intersection of interior geophysics and atmospheric chemistry. Coupled feedbacks between the molten surface and outgassed atmosphere can sustain or enhance a volatile envelope, while stellar...
We report the observation of significant double-$s\bar{s}$ production in the $e^+e^-$ continuum, based on the measurement of prompt $φ$ mesons produced in association with hadrons containing an $s$ quark or an $s\bar{s}$ pair. In an analysis of $e^+e^-$ collision data collected by the BESIII experiment at $\sqrt{s}=3.08~\textrm{GeV}$,...
Landau diamagnetism is usually derived from the grand canonical potential, a calculation that yields the correct susceptibility but little physical insight, while the rule that extremal cross sections govern the de Haas-van Alphen (dHvA) oscillations is commonly asserted rather than exhibited. We present an elementary zero-temperature...
Higher-order interactions couple three or more elements in ways that cannot be decomposed into pairwise contributions. In diverse complex systems they produce striking collective behaviours such as explosive synchronization, discontinuous transitions and altered stability. Neither such behaviour nor a description written in many-body...
Direct observation of the temporal-energy structure of pulsed electron beams is crucial for beam-driven light generation and time-resolved microscopic imaging. In this study, we characterized the spatially non-uniform time-energy structure in multi-electron ultrashort pulses exhibiting significant space-charge effects. By combining...
Autonomous driving involves coupled decision-making and scene evolution under multi-mode uncertainty. To capture this coupling and uncertainty, we introduce MM-Future, a world-action model that generates multiple paired scene-action hypotheses and models bidirectional interaction within each pair. Each hypothesis is initialized from a...
We investigated the pressure-induced evolution of the electronic and crystal structure of the noncentrosymmetric BaNiSn3-type antiferromagnet EuIrGe3 using x-ray absorption spectroscopy, synchrotron x-ray diffraction complemented by density functional theory calculations, and electrical resistivity measurements. The Eu L3-edge spectra...
The HI Zeeman effect provides one of the few direct probes of magnetic field strengths in the diffuse atomic interstellar medium (ISM), yet the physical quantity recovered by the standard weak-field estimator remains uncertain in multiphase gas. This is especially relevant to the low-column-density branch of the observed magnetic...
A novel class of polycatenated architected materials (PAMs) has recently emerged, exhibiting distinctive mechanical properties such as stress-strain hysteresis and a geometry-driven transition between solid-like and fluid-like behavior. Although finite element models exist for conventional PAMs, none currently account for...
Patient-specific biomechanical models of the left ventricle can relate cardiac magnetic resonance imaging to regional myocardial material properties, but existing emulator-based studies typically treat the myocardium as mechanically homogeneous, limiting representation of localised dysfunction. We propose a Bayesian...
Quantifying the interactions between active Janus particles remains a challenge that needs to be addressed to describe their collective behaviour. Inspired by a photonic force microscopy setup where two active Janus particles are confined in separate optical tweezers, we derive the steady-state probability distribution of each...
In pay-per-token LLM services, the more a model says, the more users pay. Dishonest providers can covertly manipulate generation to inflate output tokens while largely preserving task utility. We define such manipulation as a Provider-Side Token Inflation Attack (PTIA) and instantiate five representative attacks at the query, prompt,...