arXiv preprints from January 1, 2026 through September 22, 2026 — 19:51:41 EST
In many power systems, wind and solar generation increasingly often exceeds electricity demand. Curtailing renewable generation in those hours matters both for prices and for the physical stability of the grid. Turning off wind turbines and solar panels is technically easier than ramping down a large power station, yet support schemes...
In this paper we consider situations of (multidimensional) spatial majority voting. We analyze such situations having an even number (greater than or equal to 4) of voters and assume that each voter's preference over the set of policies is ``Euclidean": i.e., each voter has a most preferred ``ideal" policy and the voter's pay-offs...
I derive an explicit mapping from initial assets, income and the real interest rate to consumption for an income fluctuation problem with a borrowing constraint and CARA utility. I show that there exists a threshold of initial wealth over which the partial equilibrium consumption response to a permanent increase in the real interest...
When a country's population declines, the aggregate economy appears to contract on the intensive margin: industrial diversity intact, every industry a little smaller. At the regional level, contraction is uneven and takes the extensive form: entire industries disappear, one after another. The relevant unit is the city: industries are...
In large markets, scarce attention limits partner evaluation and creates allocation loss, which stability magnifies. In an independent random market with average executable degree $d$, unmatched shares fall at rates $e^{-\sqrt d}$ under stability and $e^{-d}$ under maximum matching on the same graph. Changing consideration can make...
Drug-drug interaction (DDI) errors pose serious risks to patient safety. Existing decision-support systems often require physicians to respond to alerts, disrupting workflows and contributing to high override rates. We examine whether a non-mandatory information intervention can reduce DDI errors and foster learning. Using a...
This paper studies difference-in-differences with staggered adoption and a continuous, time-invariant dose. Each cohort-time comparison contains two margins. The level margin is the average treatment effect at realized doses. Under level parallel trends it equals the level contrast between the treated cohort and not-yet-treated...
Whatever the policy question under consideration, reasoned and realistic evaluation requires credible policy analysis under uncertainty. This holds particularly to the study of climate policy in the United States, where science and ideology have become increasingly entangled. Welfare economics provides a transparent formal framework...
Buy Now, Pay Later (BNPL) has moved from a novelty product to mainstream consumer finance in the space of a few years. Before 2020, BNPL was a niche offering at the checkouts of online fashion merchants. BNPL then experienced substantial growth (Consumer Financial Protection Bureau, 2022; Salem & Udis, 2025), coinciding with increased...
Shapley values are widely used for post-hoc feature attribution, but most estimators return point quantities and do not quantify uncertainty, and popular implementations sample out-of-coalition features from their marginal distribution, which misattributes importance when features are dependent. This paper studies the conditional...
Models for droughts draw on a wide range of meteorological and hydrological inputs. Stakeholders classify droughts according to different purposes and priorities, and accordingly rely on different measures to explain and predict the onset of drought. While many meteorological inputs are available as gridded data products, hydrological...
Attias, Hanneke and Ramaswami (NeurIPS 2025) asked whether randomization provably reduces the oracle calls needed for online learning when the class is accessible only through an oracle. We study the instance they singled out: transductive online learning of thresholds on an unknown total order of T instances, with a consistency-type...
Tuberculosis (TB) remains a critical public health concern in Brazil, characterized by pronounced spatial heterogeneity and fluctuating temporal volatility. In this paper, we study monthly TB notifications across 61 microregions of Sao Paulo state from 2001 to 2024. To do this, we introduce a negative binomial spatial integer-valued...
Generalized zero-shot learning (GZSL) has emerged as an important paradigm for visual recognition systems that must generalize to classes that were not observed during training. Traditional GZSL techniques are limited by their applicability to a relatively small number of such unseen classes, scalability beyond which is challenging...
Multidimensional item response theory (MIRT) is a statistical test theory that precisely estimates multiple latent skills of learners from the responses in a test. Both compensatory and non-compensatory models have been proposed for MIRT: the former assumes that each skill can complement other skills, whereas the latter assumes they...
Tests for cointegration are typically applied to a single window spanning the entire sample, assuming that the long-run relationship holds throughout. When it holds over only a part of the sample, such tests lose power, because the stationary episode is diluted by periods without cointegration. We propose three statistics for testing...
We study offline inference for the optimal value in reinforcement learning. Two new nuisances are derived as fixed points of a self-induced Bellman equation, in which we approximate the maximum Bellman operator by its softmax correspondence. We propose a debiased estimator through the Neyman orthogonality and establish its asymptotic...
Machine learning-based credit scoring is increasingly central to Peer-to-Peer (P2P) lending, yet its resilience to adversarial manipulation, where applicants strategically alter self-reported inputs to secure favourable decisions, remains poorly understood. Most adversarial-robustness evidence comes from image and text domains and...
We consider the problem of estimating a high-dimensional covariance matrix from a very limited number of samples. This problem is ubiquitous in computational fluid dynamics, where a small number of fluid snapshots must be used to construct a Gramian matrix determining a reduced-order model, as well as in computational geoscience,...
Preference alignment for flow and diffusion models now spans online reinforcement learning and offline preference optimization, but the relation between these methods remains unclear. In particular, existing forward-process alignment methods require fresh samples from the current model, while offline methods based on fixed preference...
Federated clients that perform several local optimization steps can return parameter displacements with widely different magnitudes. The quadratic regularization of FedProx grows linearly with displacement and therefore offers limited control over the contrast between ordinary and unusually large client movements. We here introduce...
Although probabilistic statements are ubiquitous, foundational disagreements persist about their understanding, as exemplified by debates between Bayesians and frequentists; moreover, it is unclear when and why acting on them actually leads to desirable outcomes. Here, we argue that every probability is the output of a...
This paper develops estimator-level asymptotic theory for maximum Diaconis-Ylvisaker prior penalised likelihood for logistic regression with a jointly fitted intercept and nonzero prior slope direction in the proportional-limit regime. For $\mathrm{N}(\mathbf{0}_p, p^{-1}\mathbf{I}_p)$ Gaussian covariates and $p/n\toκ\in(0,1)$, a...
Muon replaces matrix momentum with an approximately orthogonal polar direction, but its geometry depends on the matrix representation. For convolution, standard unfolding describes a local patch map rather than the convolution operator. We introduce Muon-C, an operator-aligned optimizer that represents kernel momentum as...
We identify a diagonal saturation principle in modal inverse problems: when truncation noise is isotropic, the Bayes-optimal Tikhonov shape is a closed-form power law Gamma_k proportional to lambda_k^|s| set by the prior alone, independent of the domain. Berry's random-wave conjecture decorrelates the truncation noise across modes,...