arXiv preprints from January 1, 2026 through September 21, 2026 — 17:57:28 EST
We detect a candidate fifth planet in the HR 8799 system, directly imaged with the JWST/NIRISS Aperture Masking Interferometer (AMI). The detected source lies just above a $3σ$ contrast curve at a contrast of $\sim2\times10^{-4}$ in the F380M filter at a projected separation of $\sim150$ mas, corresponding to a few-to-several Jupiter...
Recently, the LUX-ZEPLIN (LZ) Collaboration reported an isolated nuclear-recoil event at $248\pm 23_\mathrm{stat}\pm 23_\mathrm{syst}~\mathrm{keV_{nr}}$, in a region where the expected background is very small and conventional elastic dark matter (DM)-nucleus scattering cannot readily account for such a localized feature. We...
Two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) are promising for low-power optoelectronics, yet their operational speed is widely considered constrained by low room-temperature mobilities and carrier transit delays. Here, by combining on-chip terahertz optoelectronic sampling with thermally evaporated Ohmic contacts, we...
We present a novel reduced-order data assimilation framework, termed Reduced-Order Dynamical Assimilation (RODAS), for reconstructing high-resolution, time-resolved flow fields from sparse velocity measurements. The method combines low-dimensional experimental observations with a physics-based parametric reduced-order model, enabling...
We study the inelastic dark matter (iDM) that consists of two-component dark matter particles $(χ_1,χ_2)$ and serves as a minimal extension beyond the commonly used one-component DM models. A distinctive feature of such iDM scattering with the target nuclei is to favorably produce signals at high nuclear recoil (NR) energy region in...
Quantum Monte Carlo (QMC) algorithms are among the most powerful classical methods for simulating quantum systems, yet their accuracy is often limited by the systematic errors in the approximations used, such as Trotterization. Here we introduce randomly compiled quantum Monte Carlo (RC-QMC) as a general framework that suppresses...
Convolutional neural networks are increasingly used to measure source amplitudes in survey maps, often with claims of outperforming the matched filter. That filter is the best linear unbiased estimator (BLUE) for any noise of a given covariance, and minimum-variance unbiased outright when that noise is Gaussian and known, so an...
Urban rail transit (URT) faces increasing flood risk while relying on traction power systems whose failures can trigger cascading disruption. Existing studies on URT flood resilience often oversimplify power dependency by overlooking traction power redundancy and rarely consider flood-conditioned cascading impacts, providing limited...
We study peer monitoring design in knowledge production. A principal leads agents who work on different but related tasks. By working on their own tasks, agents acquire information that is useful for evaluating their peers' performance. We consider robust contracts under which effort by all agents is the unique rationalizable outcome....
Whether organisational separation of elective and emergency care improves physician productivity remains an open question. Most existing evidence relies on cross-sectional comparisons or volume-based outcomes that cannot isolate efficiency gains from input expansion or provider selection. In contrast, this paper exploits the staggered...
Quantum measurements are conventionally optimized to maximize the average of a utility that depends on the true state and on the measurement outcome. However, when the outcome of the measurement is used as an action within a larger decision-making system, the average utility does not capture the risk of poor outcomes. This letter...
More Electric Aircraft require fast and reliable monitoring of high-frequency electrical networks, yet most power quality disturbance and fault diagnosis methods are developed for conventional 50 or 60 Hz grids. This work presents a hardware-aware deep learning framework for multiclass detection of electrical faults and power quality...
We study speaker-disjoint accent identification for L2 English, where the goal is to predict a speaker's first-language (L1) background from English pronunciation. Most existing systems classify accents using a single utterance-level representation, but such global representations can obscure pronunciation cues that depend on specific...
As of 2025, the U.S. interconnection queues, the grid-access gateway for new generation and storage, contain roughly 8,200 projects totaling 2,061 GW of capacity. Only 13% of capacity queued in 2000-2020 (19% by project count) has reached operation. We argue that the queue architecture is vulnerable to self-reinforcing project...
Existing airspace capacity metrics mainly quantify occupancy or flow, although the same number of aerial vehicles may result in different motion alternatives. This letter establishes \emph{mobility information capacity} as an information-theoretic measure for low-altitude wireless networks. It quantifies the maximum information that...
Continuous human activity recognition (HAR) with distributed radar sensor networks is challenging because Doppler signatures depend strongly on aspect angle, the informativeness of individual radar views varies with motion direction, and activity transitions in uninterrupted sequences are often ambiguous. This paper proposes a...
This paper evaluates the downlink performance of 5G non-terrestrial networks (NTNs) realized via tethered unmanned aerial vehicle (TUAV)-mounted base stations, and compares it against conventional 5G terrestrial networks (TNs) in a realistic dense urban scenario. Unlike battery-limited UAVs, TUAVs are connected to ground stations via...
Current audio-visual speech recognition (AVSR) benchmarks, like LRS3, rely heavily on clean, scripted and rehearsed speech. They fail to reflect the complexity of natural conversation, which involves overlapping speech, spontaneous turn-taking, unscripted vocabulary and variable acoustic conditions. To shift the field toward realistic...
Consistency trajectory models offer a route to fast, high-quality speech enhancement, collapsing the many reverse steps of diffusion-based enhancers into a handful. When instantiated on a Schrödinger bridge (SB), which pins the generative process to fixed clean and noisy endpoints, existing consistency-trajectory enhancers (SBCTMs)...
Building fast charging stations (FCSs) is crucial for transportation electrification, but there exists an indirect network effect: while the increasing number of electric vehicles (EVs) decides the FCS capacity expansion, the spatial locations of these facilities strongly influence drivers' willingness to adopt EVs. Ignoring this...
We compare eight variants of a three-variable pollution-based tourism model obtained by assigning the same discrete delay to different terms. The delay may enter three slots: the visitor factor in the deterrence term, pollution perception, or visitation-driven growth and reinvestment. We call a placement feasible when every...
We show the existence of counterexamples to a four-decade-old conjecture attributed to Stanley concerning the unimodality of $h^*$-polynomials of IDP polytopes. As additional applications of our main constructions, we also disprove a conjecture by Brenti on the log-concavity of $h^*$-polynomials of Gorenstein IDP polytopes, and a...
In this paper, we study certain categories of labeled finite rooted ordered trees over a fixed set of labels where each label is equipped with an arity: a fixed number of children that the vertex with the given label must have. Equivalently, these are expression trees for operations in a free non-symmetric operad. A morphism between...
We study the distribution of the number of double deficiencies (DD) in permutations of length n avoiding one or two patterns of length 3. Using structural decompositions of these avoidance classes--together with a lattice-path decomposition in the 321-avoiding case--we derive functional equations and convolution-type recurrences that...
We study the information encoded by difference equations for the local Gromov-Witten theory of contractible rational curves in Calabi-Yau threefolds. Starting from the Bryan-Katz-Leung multiple-cover decomposition, we organize all nonzero primitive degrees on an exceptional ray by a single central-difference operator associated with...