arXiv preprints from January 1, 2026 through September 27, 2026 — 04:28:18 EST
Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed for open-domain question answering, yet their alignment with human perspectives on temporally recent information remains underexplored. We introduce RECOM (Reddit Evaluation for Correspondence of Models), a benchmark dataset of 15,000 recent Reddit questions from September 2025...
Ultrasound is a cornerstone of emergency and hepatobiliary imaging, yet its interpretation remains highly operator-dependent and time-sensitive. Here, we present a multitask vision-language agent (VLM) developed to assist with comprehensive right upper quadrant (RUQ) ultrasound interpretation across the full diagnostic workflow. The...
Many protocols within quantum cryptography, communications, and computing require the ability to generate entangled states as well as spectral qudits. Nonlinear interferometry is a viable way to engineer these complex quantum states of light. However, it is difficult to achieve a high level of control over spectral correlations. Here,...
We introduce the Pólya Web, a system of coalescing random walks based on the classic Pólya urn model. This construction serves as an analogue to the web of coalescing random walks studied by Tóth and Werner (1998), replacing simple symmetric random walks with Pólya walks as primary constituents. First, we study the general web of...
Aero-optic effects due to turbulence can reduce the effectiveness of transmitting light waves to a distant target. Methods to compensate for turbulence typically rely on realistic turbulence data, which can be generated by i) experiment, ii) high-fidelity CFD, iii) low-fidelity CFD, and iv) autoregressive methods. However, each of...
We investigate spin-valley instabilities and their connection to the magnetically ordered states recently observed in the twisted bilayer dichalcogenide WSe$_2$ at a $5^o$ twist angle. Starting from an effective three-orbital faithful Wannier model for the spin-locked moiré bands, combined with orbital-dependent Hubbard interactions,...
Deep learning and model predictive control (MPC) can play complementary roles in legged robotics. However, integrating learned models with online planning remains challenging. When dynamics are learned with neural networks, three key difficulties arise: (1) stiff transitions from contact events may be inherited from the data; (2)...
Quantum amplifiers are intrinsically nonlinear systems whose performance limits are set by quantum mechanics. In quantum measurement, amplifier operation is conventionally optimized in the linear regime by maximizing signal-to-noise ratio, an objective that is well-suited to parameter estimation but is typically insufficient for more...
Background: Diagnostic test accuracy (DTA) studies, like etiological studies, are susceptible to various biases including reference standard error bias, partial verification bias, spectrum effect, confounding, and bias from misassumption of conditional independence. While directed acyclic graphs (DAGs) are widely used in etiological...
A standard assumption in multistage stochastic programming is that decisions are made after observing the uncertainty from the prior stage. The resulting solutions can be difficult to implement in practice, as they leave practitioners ill-prepared for future stages. To provide better foresight, we introduce the K-revision approach....
We present a novel matrix product representation of the Laughlin and related fractional quantum Hall wavefunctions based on a rigorous version of the correlators of a chiral quantum field theory. This representation enables the quantitative control of the coefficients of the Laughlin wavefunction times an arbitrary monomial symmetric...
Large language models are increasingly used to interpret politically contested questions, value-laden material on which there is no single correct answer, only competing interpretive traditions. We ask whether a model's choice among those traditions can turn on the language of the prompt rather than the content. Comparing two frontier...
In complex dynamics, a fundamental result of Fatou and Julia asserts that every attracting cycle of a rational map attracts a critical point. The analogous statement fails in non-Archimedean dynamics. For a non-Archimedean rational map, this paper establishes a sharp condition on the multiplier of an attracting cycle ensuring it...
Light carries rich information across space, spectrum, polarization, and time, yet conventional cameras capture only a narrow projection of this multidimensional structure. A thin diffuser encodes wavelength-dependent information into single-shot scatterograms, captured by a polarization-resolving CMOS sensor that simultaneously...
Projection-based model reduction enables efficient simulation of complex dynamical systems by constructing low-dimensional surrogate models from high-dimensional data. The Operator Inference (OpInf) approach learns such reduced surrogate models through a two-step process: constructing a low-dimensional basis via Singular Value...
Peer review is central to scientific quality, yet reliance on simple heuristics -- lazy thinking -- has lowered standards. Prior work treats lazy thinking detection as a single-label task, but review segments may exhibit multiple issues, including broader clarity problems, or specificity issues. Turning detection into actionable...
The discovery of nickelate superconductors has opened a new arena for studying the behavior of correlated electron liquids that give rise to unconventional superconductivity. While critical information about a material's charge dynamics is encoded in its plasmons, collective modes of the electron gas, these excitations have not yet...
I define a notion of locality LOC, closely modelled on the Bell principle of Local Causality, construed as the condition that single case probabilities cannot be modified by actions at spacelike separation. The new principle, like that of Bell, forces Bell inequalities, but with two loopholes: one is violation of measurement...
Global inequality has shifted inward, with rising dispersion increasingly occurring within countries rather than between them. Using 8,790 newly harmonised Functional Urban Areas (FUAs) - micro-founded labour-market regions encompassing 3.9 billion people and representing approximately 80% of global GDP - we show that national...
We study congruences relating Fourier coefficients of meromorphic modular forms and Frobenius eigenvalues of elliptic curves corresponding to their poles. We develop a $p$-adic cohomological framework that interprets these congruences via the interaction between the rigid cohomology of modular curves and the crystalline structure of...
The deployment of Artificial Intelligence on edge devices (TinyML) is often constrained by the high power consumption and latency associated with traditional Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) and their reliance on intensive Matrix-Multiply (MAC) operations. Neuromorphic computing offers a compelling alternative by mimicking biological...
Reconstructing 3D objects from images is inherently an ill-posed problem due to ambiguities in geometry, appearance, and topology. This paper introduces collaborative inverse rendering with persistent homology priors, a novel strategy that leverages topological constraints to resolve these ambiguities. By incorporating priors that...
This study investigates the use of neural topic modeling and LLMs to uncover meaningful themes from patient storytelling data, to offer insights that could contribute to more patient-oriented healthcare practices. We analyze a collection of transcribed interviews with cancer patients (132,722 words in 13 interviews). We first evaluate...
Automatic Singing Assessment and Singing Information Processing have evolved over the past three decades to support singing pedagogy, performance analysis, and vocal training. While the first approach objectively evaluates a singer's performance through computational metrics ranging from real-time visual feedback and acoustical...
LLM-based agents offer new potential to accelerate science and reshape research work. However, the quality of researcher contributions can vary significantly depending on human ability to steer agent behaviors. How can we best use these tools to augment scientific creativity without undermining aspects of contribution and ownership...