arXiv preprints from January 1, 2026 through September 24, 2026 — 22:06:11 EST
We propose a new formulation of the Korteweg-de Vries equation (KdV) on the real line, via a gauge transform. While KdV and the gauged equation are equivalent for smooth solutions, the latter is better behaved at low regularity in Fourier-Lebesgue spaces. In particular, the admissible regularities go beyond the $H^{-1}$-scale, which...
End-to-end automatic speech recognition (ASR) systems frequently misrecognize domain-specific phrases like named entities, which can cause catastrophic failures in downstream tasks. A new family of named entity correction methods based on large language models (LLMs) has recently emerged. However, these approaches have yet to fully...
Modern CI/CD pipelines integrating agent-generated code exhibit a structural failure in responsibility attribution. Decisions are executed through formally correct approval processes, yet no entity possesses both the authority to approve those decisions and the epistemic capacity to meaningfully understand their basis. We define...
The goal of this paper is to establish a local rigidity result for the integrability of standard-like maps. The main focus of the paper is the remarkable integrable potential discovered by Suris in the 80's. We show that locally, the integrability of this potential is rigid. The proof relies on a similar strategy that was used for...
Surface chemistry on interstellar dust grains is recognized as a central component in astrochemical models, representing a plausible formation route for many of the observed complex molecular species. However, key parameters governing interstellar surface chemistry, such as diffusion energy barriers, remain poorly constrained. In...
Falls are the leading cause of injury related hospitalization and mortality among older adults. Consequently, mitigating age-related declines in gait stability and reducing fall risk during walking is a critical goal for assistive devices. Lower-limb exoskeletons have the potential to support users in maintaining stability during...
Traditional defenses against Deep Leakage (DL) attacks in Federated Learning (FL) primarily focus on obfuscation, introducing noise, transformations or encryption to degrade an attacker's ability to reconstruct private data. While effective to some extent, these methods often still leak high-level information such as class...
The identical charged-kaon correlations induced by quantum-statistics effects and final-state interactions are measured in Pb$-$Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}} = 5.02$ TeV. The results of one- (1D) and three-dimensional (3D) analyses show that the obtained system-size parameters (radii) are smaller for more peripheral collisions...
In this work, three InAs/InAs$_{0.65}$Sb$_{0.35}$ superlattices with different periods were investigated using photoluminescence and photoreflectance measurements and their band structure was simulated using a 14 bulk-band kp model. The structures were studied by analyzing the evolution of the spectral features in temperature and...
It is well-known that Leonard pairs have a close connection with bispectral orthogonal polynomials of the Askey scheme. In this paper, we introduce the notion of a Leonard trio $(V,\oV,Z)$, an algebraic structure extending Leonard pairs, for which the overlap coefficients of eigenfunctions of $V$ and $\oV$ are biorthogonal rational...
We show that the bipartite separability of a pure qubit state hinges critically on the combinatorial structure of its computational-basis support. Using Boolean cube geometry, we introduce a taxonomy that distinguishes support-guaranteed separability from cases in which entanglement depends on probability amplitudes. We provide...
The theoretical relationship between the macroscopic textural quality and microscopic structural quality appearing in the phase inversion processes from fresh cream via whipped cream to butter is revealed by the multi-scale simulation of coupled map lattice (CML) based on the mesoscopic elementary processes of the emulsion interfaces....
Current evaluation methods for Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) suffer from \textit{factual myopia}: they relentlessly emphasize factual accuracy yet neglect global logical integrity in long-form answer generation. This drives models to force unnatural connections, producing factually grounded yet logically incoherent responses...
Federated Learning (FL) has emerged as a powerful paradigm for decentralized model training, yet it remains vulnerable to deep leakage (DL) attacks that reconstruct private client data from shared model updates. While prior DL methods have demonstrated varying levels of success, they often suffer from instability, limited fidelity, or...
The standardization of the sixth-generation (6G) has recently commenced to address the rapidly growing demands for enhanced wireless network services. Nevertheless, existing wireless systems, particularly at the physical layer waveform level, remain inadequate for achieving the ambitious key performance indicators (KPIs) envisioned...
Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated strong reasoning, planning, and communication abilities, enabling them to operate as autonomous agents in open environments. While single-agent systems remain limited in adaptability and coordination, recent progress has shifted attention toward multi-agent systems (MAS) composed of...
Partial differential equations (PDEs) form the backbone of simulations of many natural phenomena, for example in climate modeling, material science, and even financial markets. The application of physics-informed neural networks to accelerate the solution of PDEs is promising, but not competitive with numerical solvers yet. Here, we...
The formation and entrapment of gas bubbles during solidification significantly influence the microstructure and mechanical properties of materials, from metallic alloys to ice. While gas segregation at the solidification front is well-documented, the real-time dynamics of bubble nucleation, growth, and engulfment-and their dependence...
We prove the following isoperimetric-type inequality: for every convex body $K$ in $\mathbb R^n$ and some $σ\subset[n]:=\{1,\dots,n\}$ there exists a suitable Hanner polytope $B_K$ with the same volume as $K$ and such that the volume of each of its orthogonal projections onto every subspace whose basis is formed by the canonical...
In this paper, we prove an extension of the noncompact version of Llarull's theorem due to Zhang and Li-Su-Wang-Zhang, giving an upper bound for the infimum of scalar curvature in terms of the bottom spectrum of the Laplacian. Moreover, we extend the theorem to manifolds with boundary, relaxing the strict positivity condition on the...
Deep learning models for brain tumor analysis require large and diverse datasets that are often siloed across healthcare institutions due to privacy regulations. We present a federated learning framework for brain tumor localization that enables multi-institutional collaboration without sharing sensitive patient data. Our method...
The increasing deployment of deep learning systems requires systematic evaluation of their reliability in real-world scenarios. Traditional gradient-based adversarial attacks introduce small perturbations that rarely correspond to realistic failures and mainly assess robustness rather than functional behavior. Generative test...
This paper presents an innovative offshore solution where oil & gas platform clusters are powered by a wind farm and a hydrogen hub. The results show a feasible off-grid design as an alternative to conventional electrification solutions. To address the challenges of design and operation of such a system, a power system model of the...
Dexterous grasping in cluttered environments presents substantial challenges due to the high degrees of freedom of dexterous hands, occlusion, and potential collisions arising from diverse object geometries and complex layouts. To address these challenges, we propose CADGrasp, a two-stage algorithm for general dexterous grasping using...
The electric vehicle routing problem with time windows (EVRPTW) is a complex optimization problem in sustainable logistics, where routing decisions must minimize total travel distance, fleet size, and battery usage while satisfying strict customer time constraints. Although deep reinforcement learning (DRL) has shown great potential...