arXiv preprints from January 1, 2026 through September 24, 2026 — 19:39:46 EST
Inverse design is a commonly used methodology for creating devices that manipulate electromagnetic (EM) waves by algorithmically modifying device parameters to achieve a desired functionality. Utilizing plasma, a dynamically tunable medium, allows the optimization of the design process to be conducted directly on the experimental...
We show that the macroscopic version of Gromov's Urysohn width conjecture for scalar curvature is false in dimensions four and above. This is based on (1) a novel estimate on the codimension two Urysohn width of circle bundles over manifolds with large hypersphericity radius, and (2) a notion of ruling for Riemannian manifolds that...
In this paper, we study Iwasawa theory for Tate motives over totally real fields. More precisely, we construct a zeta element that interpolates the values of $L$-functions at positive integers over totally real fields under a certain unramified condition at $p$. As an application of this, we construct a canonical element in the...
The rapid advancement of Large Language Model (LLM)-based Multi-Agent Systems (MAS) has introduced significant security vulnerabilities, where malicious influence can propagate virally through inter-agent communication. Conventional safeguards often rely on a binary paradigm that strictly distinguishes between benign and attack...
Determining how galaxies accumulate stellar mass is paramount to understanding the Universe. Two primary mechanisms drive this process: star-formation (SF) & mergers. Our understanding of star formation, and to some degree the processes that influence the baryon cycle (environment, gas supply, feedback, etc), are either relatively...
The rapid growth of artificial intelligence (AI)-driven data centers is reshaping electricity demand patterns. This is achieved by introducing fast, multi-gigawatt load ramps that challenge the stability and resilience of modern power systems. Traditional resilience frameworks focus mainly on physical outages and largely overlook...
We investigate proper infall times in the Schwarzschild and Kerr spacetimes from a covariant perspective, focusing on the role of black--hole rotation in the focusing properties of timelike geodesic congruences.To perform a geometrically consistent comparison between rotating and non--rotating black holes, we analyse infall...
Reliable forecasting of prosumer flexibility is critical for demand response aggregators participating in frequency controlled ancillary services market, where strict reliability requirements such as the P90 standard are enforced. Limited historical data, dependence on exogeneous factors, and heterogenous prosumer behaviour introduce...
Graph-based retrieval-augmented generation (GraphRAG) systems construct knowledge graphs over document collections to support multi-hop reasoning. While prior work shows that GraphRAG responses may leak retrieved subgraphs, the feasibility of query-efficient reconstruction of the hidden graph structure remains unexplored under...
Axion-like particles (ALPs) are hypothetical particles and compelling candidates for cold dark matter. Their existence could be probed through their conversions into photons in the presence of magnetic fields. In this work, we explore the effect of these photon-ALP conversions by searching for an attenuation in the observed gamma ray...
Agentic Large Language Models (LLMs) are models able to reason, plan, and execute tools over unstructured data. These abilities are enabling transformative applications in domains spanning from personal assistant, financial, and legal domains. While these systems can substantially improve productivity and service quality, effective...
In this paper, we study the long-time existence and asymptotic behavior of an anisotropic capillary Gauss curvature flow. By studying this flow and proving its convergence to a stationary solution, we establish a new existence result for the capillary Orlicz-Minkowski problem without the evenness assumption, and provide a flow...
Large language models (LLMs) reason over discrete token ID sequences, yet modern subword tokenizers routinely produce non-unique encodings: multiple token ID sequences can detokenize to identical surface strings. This representational mismatch creates an unmeasured fragility wherein reasoning processes can fail. LLMs may treat two...
In this paper, we study the nonlinear Helmholtz equation with mixed dispersion \begin{equation*} Δ^2 u-βk^2\, Δu+αk^4 u=W(x)\, |u|^{p-2}u~\text{in}~\mathbb{R}^N, \end{equation*} where the weight function $W(x)$ is continuous, nonnegative, and satisfies \[ \limsup_{|x|\to\infty} W(x) \;<\; \sup_{x\in\mathbb{R}^N} W(x). \] Within each...
The transient Pauli blocking effect offers a promising route for achieving ultrafast optical switching in semiconductors, enabling a rapid switching from an initially opaque state to a relatively transparent state upon photoexcitation. Herein, we demonstrate broadband ultrafast optical switching in degenerate InN thin films, spanning...
Let $\{Z_n^i = (Z_n^i(r))_{1 \le r \le d}: n \ge 0\}$ be a supercritical $d$-type branching process in an i.i.d. environment $ξ= (ξ_0, ξ_1, \dots)$, starting from a single particle of type $i$. The offspring distribution at generation $n$ depends on the environment $ξ_n$, and we denote by $M_n = (M_n(i,j))_{1 \le i,j \le d}$ the...
Intensity-modulated proton therapy (IMPT) employs proton radiation rather than conventional X-rays to treat cancerous tumors. This approach offers significant advantages by minimizing the radiation exposure of surrounding healthy tissue, leading to improved patient outcomes and reduced side effects compared to traditional X-ray...
Reinforcement learning (RL) has achieved remarkable success in real-world decision-making across diverse domains, including gaming, robotics, online advertising, public health, and natural language processing. Despite these advances, a substantial gap remains between RL research and its deployment in many practical settings. Two...
Missing data in single-cell sequencing datasets poses significant challenges for extracting meaningful biological insights. However, existing imputation approaches, which often assume uniformity and data completeness, struggle to address cases with large patches of missing data. In this paper, we present CROT (Cluster-Regularized...
While multi-agent systems (MAS) promise elevated intelligence through coordination of agents, current approaches to automatic MAS design under-deliver. Such shortcomings stem from two key factors: (1) methodological complexity - agent orchestration is performed using sequential, code-level execution that limits global system-level...
Depression is a severe global mental health issue that impairs daily functioning and overall quality of life. Although recent audio-visual approaches have improved automatic depression detection, methods that ignore emotional cues often fail to capture subtle depressive signals hidden within emotional expressions. Conversely, those...
We present a new framework for multi-line analysis that combines kernel principal component analysis (Kernel PCA), an unsupervised machine-learning method, and Kernel SHapley Additive exPlanations (Kernel SHAP), an explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) technique. To enable a comparison with PCA-based studies, which have been...
Loop vulnerabilities are one major risky construct in software development. They can easily lead to infinite loops or executions, exhaust resources, or introduce logical errors that degrade performance and compromise security. The problem are often undetected by traditional static analyzers because such tools rely on syntactic...
Mobile Manipulation (MM) involves long-horizon decision-making over multi-stage compositions of heterogeneous skills, such as navigation and picking up objects. Despite recent progress, existing MM methods still face two key limitations: (i) low sample efficiency, due to ineffective use of redundant data generated during long-term MM...
Phase synchronization among distributed transmission reception points (TRPs) is a prerequisite for enabling coherent joint transmission and high-precision sensing in millimeter wave (mmWave) cell-free massive multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) systems. This paper proposes a bidirectional calibration scheme and a calibration...