arXiv preprints from January 1, 2026 through September 23, 2026 — 13:55:12 EST
Online fandom communities influence public opinion toward movies, musicians, and sports teams. Using a corpus of game-referencing tweets, we measure variation in sentiment toward National Football League (NFL) teams driven by geography, game outcomes, and team performance for the 2011--2014 NFL seasons. We estimate a fandom radius for...
Humans have always externalized thought onto tools, from the tally and the abacus to the map and, now, large language models. I model the agent, the tool, and the task as one dynamical system in which competence (what the user retains) and reliance (what the user outsources) co-evolve, and find that the outcome is bistable. Above a...
The rapid improvement of AI systems has intensified debate about humanity's economic, political, social, and existential future. As AI reshapes expectations about what lies ahead, policy choices and institutional responses will play a crucial role in determining who benefits, who bears the costs, and whether the most serious risks can...
The multiscan method is widely used in femtosecond laser writing of waveguide systems to increase the refractive index contrast and to control the eigenmode shape. Here, we investigate multiscan writing with a constant effective writing speed and show that the displacement between adjacent scans provides an additional degree of...
The motion of liquids and soft matter is over-damped and `slow' when viscosity dominates. In this (low Reynolds-number) limit and when the system is isothermal, the equations of motion may be generated via Onsager's variational principle, which neglects inertia. This variational approach is immensely powerful, being used to obtain...
The former CERN RD50 collaboration develops monolithic active pixel high voltage (HV) CMOS sensors for future colliders with the aim of high radiation tolerance, good time resolution, and high granularity pixel detectors. The most recent prototype, the RD50-MPW4, was produced by LFoundry in December 2023 using a 150 nm CMOS process....
We revisit the role of higher-order unification in dependently typed languages and identify a fundamental limitation of existing pattern-based fragments: their inability to synthesize functions defined by case analysis. Even simple and ubiquitous constraints arising from type inference, particularly from use of induction principles,...
Quantifying the risk of rare failures in language models, such as those triggered by adversarial distribution shifts or very large-scale deployments, requires estimating probabilities far too small for random sampling. While recent work has formalized Low Probability Estimation, existing pipelines remain fragile in the rarest regimes:...
As electric vehicle (EV) adoption grows, quantifying the scheduling burden and economic cost of long-distance travel under the existing charging infrastructure becomes increasingly important for infrastructure planning and policy. This paper presents a scalable, optimization-based framework for scheduling EV charging stops along...
The random cut is one of the most fundamental shuffles in card-based cryptography: it rotates a sequence of face-down cards by a secret amount. Under this shuffle, two sequences of cards are indistinguishable if and only if they are cyclic shifts of each other. This motivates the question of whether, given two sequences of cards,...
Frozen encoders are chosen by how well a lightweight head reads a finding from their features, not whether the geometry separates it. Nearest-neighbor discordance does, but with unequal banks the opposite-label neighbor wins on density, not geometry, so prevalence alone makes an uninformed encoder look blind. We introduce CANDOR, a...
Where do the Standard Model's internal symmetries come from? Treating $\mathbb{O}\oplus\mathbb{H}\oplus\mathbb{C}\oplus\mathbb{R}$ as a module for its own multiplication algebra enables a particular origin story for the Standard Model's pre-Higgs, $\mathfrak{g}_{SM}:=\mathfrak{su}(3)_{C} \oplus \mathfrak{su}(2)_{L} \oplus...
We map the observational predictions of cosmological stasis in the inflationary gravitational wave background onto the sensitivity bands of current and planned gravitational wave detectors. Using the closed-form piecewise spectral template derived in the companion paper, we generate detectability maps for four stasis scenarios:...
Pathology report generation from whole-slide images (WSIs) is a rapidly growing multimodal learning problem, yet progress is difficult to measure because existing studies use heterogeneous datasets, model settings, visual encoders, and evaluation protocols. Moreover, commonly used natural language generation metrics, including BLEU,...
For a finite-dimensional normed space $V$ and a subset $X$ with finite Hausdorff distance from $V$, we prove that the Gromov--Hausdorff distance between $X$ and $V$ is at least the Hausdorff distance between $X$ and $V$, divided by twice the relative Jung constant of $V$. If $V$ furthermore satisfies a certain intersection property,...
Purpose: Understanding how much of routine policing involves vulnerable people could inform resourcing, training, and multi-agency response, yet administrative data provide limited insight. We explore whether an LLM-based classification pipeline, developed on open-source US police data, can be adapted to estimate the prevalence of...
Regulatory regimes such as the EU AI Act mandate machine-readable marking of synthetic text, but existing watermark detectors rely on the generating LM and on heuristic thresholds with no closed-form calibration. We introduce ChainMark, an active watermark that partitions the vocabulary into S states via keyed SHA-256 and forces a...
Multipath QUIC (MPQUIC) enables simultaneous uplink transmission over heterogeneous access networks such as Wi-Fi and LTE, improving reliability and performance. However, aggressive LTE utilization increases operational cost, creating an inherent trade-off between upload delay and cellular usage. Existing MPQUIC schedulers typically...
Firms in non-contractual commerce face the challenge of knowing how many customers they actually have because customers can stop buying without ever saying they have left. Buy-Till-You-Die models address this by estimating each customer's probability of being alive, a quantity called P(alive) and used in every major software tool for...
The development of online banking has brought about an increase in fraudulent operations, which is a major problem for banks. This study delves into the urgent requirement for interpretable, scalable, and top-notch fraud detection systems by using TabNet, an adaptable deep learning framework, on a Kaggle dataset consisting of actual...
Large language models (LLMs) and agentic AI systems have evolved from natural language tasks to using external tools to plan, retrieve, and act in technical domains. In smart grids, recent work applies agentic schemes to forecasting, optimization, and control, wrapping trusted solvers behind language interfaces and orchestrating...
For four agents with nonnegative additive valuations, a complete 1-out-of-5 maximin-share allocation always exists, improving the previous 1-out-of-6 guarantee. Together with known exact-MMS counterexamples, this completely characterizes the four-agent case: the guarantee holds exactly for $d\geq5$. The main technical contribution is...
Physical artificial intelligence (AI) systems involve distributed sensing agents with embedded AI models that must coordinate to perceive, reason, and act in networked environments. Transmitting raw sensor data incurs significant communication overhead, latency, and redundancy. While semantic communication (SC) mitigates these...
Flight test is shifting toward a data-centric approach in which data contribute to model refinement, reducing reliance on pre-scripted test points. An open problem is how to sequence maneuvers within a sortie to maximize uncertainty reduction under resource limits. We present a real-time planning framework that combines a Gaussian...
This paper proposes a tri-hybrid beamforming (tri-HBF) scheme with antenna-selection (AS)-based reconfigurable sub-arrays for full-duplex (FD) massive multiple-input multiple-output (mMIMO) systems. A sub-connected HBF architecture is adopted, where AS is performed in a group-wise manner to avoid excessive switch-network and routing...