arXiv preprints from January 1, 2026 through September 23, 2026 — 12:50:30 EST
Deepfakes, especially face-swapping attacks, pose significant challenges to authenticity, security, and ethics across science, engineering, and society. While most existing detection/tracing approaches operate post hoc, proactive defenses that aim to intervene before deepfake generation remain limited in terms of real-world...
We study the optimal design and analysis of experiments for estimating spillover effects. Assuming a known (e.g., linear) exposure mapping, we characterize the treatment-assignment distribution and regression-based estimator that minimize worst-case asymptotic variance against a broad class of distributions of unobservables. The...
We establish a $\widetildeΩ(d^{5/4}\sqrt T)$ lower bound on the minimax expected regret of stochastic bandit convex optimization of $1$-Lipschitz functions on the Euclidean ball. This presents the first nontrivial regret lower bound that grows faster than $d\sqrt{T}$ for this problem, establishing that stochastic bandit convex...
Two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) uses genetic variants as instrumental variables to estimate causal effects from observational data using summary association statistics. However, horizontal pleiotropy can invalidate standard MR estimators and lead to biased causal inference. Pleiotropy-robust methods have been proposed to...
Clinical trials for neurodegenerative diseases must identify sensitive endpoints -- outcomes that change rapidly enough to detect treatment effects. In Huntington disease, this requires measuring how outcomes change as participants approach Stage 1. Yet many participants exit studies before reaching this stage, making their time to...
We develop an exact finite-population stochastic framework for SIR epidemics evolving under Markovian switching between intervention regimes. The epidemic state is augmented by a finite phase component, allowing transmission, recovery, and direct immunity-acquisition rates to depend on the active regime. Phase-transition intensities...
Nonlinear state estimation under structural model uncertainty remains a fundamental challenge in autonomous Guidance, Navigation, and Control (GNC) systems. Conventional Bayesian filtering separates state propagation from measurement correction, allowing model mismatch to accumulate during propagation, resulting in...
Reinforcement learning (RL) for legged robots is advancing locomotion, demonstrating its ability to adapt to new and challenging terrain. Traditionally, these RL locomotion frameworks are position-based, making the policy less adaptable to terrain types and requiring state estimation techniques in the observation space, i.e., linear...
Adaptive enrichment can allow the development of an experimental treatment to continue when its activity is insufficient in an all-comer population but remains promising in a prespecified biomarker-positive subgroup. However, a straightforward sequential application of separately calibrated phase II designs to the two populations can...
A transaction can allocate a product and create information unavailable before consumption. We study dynamic pricing when a pricing agent and a buying agent hold different estimates of match value, traded outcomes update a public belief, and attributed extraction depreciates relationship capital. Public learning polarizes exchange:...
Single-cell datasets are increasingly costly to store, audit, and reuse for model training. Dimensionality reduction and dataset distillation can reduce this burden, but conventional distillation methods often produce synthetic expression profiles that cannot be traced to an assayed cell. We formulate traceable single-cell data...
We discuss the problem of limit cycles in an aggregate-type models of liquidity growth proposed and studied both theoretically and numerically by W. Semmler and M. Sieveking in \cite{SemmlerSieveking}. Their model is locally of predator-prey type with cannibalism in predator (profit) and logistic bound on prey's population...
Brain-computer interface neurofeedback (BCI-NFT) has shown promise for neuromotor rehabilitation, but its clinical adoption -- particularly in pediatric populations -- remains limited in part by the lengthy calibration required before each therapy session. This study developed and evaluated a deep-learning framework to reduce...
Cosmic strings are not yet confirmed, topological defects formed in the early Universe. They can bend light or gravitational waves, which causes an effect similar to the gravitational lensing. Our goal is to check whether cosmic string could be detected as a lenses of gravitational waves by the Einstein Telescope (ET). To do that the...
From the catalogs of visible emission lines of galaxies measured by the Subaru Fiber Multi-Object Spectrograph (Subaru-FMOS) and the KECK Multi-Object Spectrograph For InfraRed Exploration (KECK-MOSFIRE), galaxies were classified into Star-Forming Galaxies (SFGs) and Active Galactic Nuclei (AGNs) based on the...
Bönisch, Duhr, and Maggio introduced three meromorphic modular forms \(C_4,C_{6a},C_{6b}\) on \(Γ_0(2)\), arising from a hypergeometric K3 family, and conjectured that they are magnetic of depths \(1,2,2\). Writing \[ C_4=\sum_{n\ge1}c_4(n)q^n,\qquad C_{6a}=\sum_{n\ge1}c_{6a}(n)q^n,\qquad C_{6b}=\sum_{n\ge1}c_{6b}(n)q^n, \] we prove...
Hearables are wearable computers worn on the ear. Bone conduction microphones are used with air conduction microphones in hearables for multimodal speech enhancement in noisy conditions. Despite this potential, current models largely fail to explore how jointly reducing sampling bit resolution and sampling frequency in...
Multi-agent LLM applications chain a planner, worker agents, a verifier, and a synthesizer, and every hop between agents is an unmonitored channel through which an adversary can smuggle instructions. Existing defenses guard only the input boundary (IBProtector, Llama Guard, perplexity filters, SmoothLLM) or run outside the application...
Electroencephalographic (EEG) abnormalities arise from dynamic changes in neural synchrony across spatial and temporal scales, yet many computational approaches reduce these dynamics to static features. We present a Spatial Multi-Expert Graph Transformer that models each EEG recording as a sequence of dynamic functional connectivity...
Pragmatic language use requires reasoning about alternatives: the alternative expressions a speaker might have chosen, or the alternative interpretations a listener might entertain. Formal and computational models of pragmatics must therefore specify the sets of alternatives that interlocutors reason over, which is often done through...
Introducing Relay-Bench, an unsaturated, holistic, text-only benchmark that measures LLMs' ability to complete an assortment of tasks from distinct domains in a single prompt. The leading model, GPT-5.5 (xHigh), scores 43.3%. The test set entirely consists of composite problems: groups of single-domain subproblems that are strung...
Streaming autoregressive diffusion makes minute-scale video synthesis practical, but its bounded context and fixed denoising schedule allocate resources uniformly across a highly non-stationary sequence. A rolling key-value cache forgets distant visual evidence even when that evidence remains important, while every generated chunk...
This paper reports on a collaboration between the Directorate-General for Translation (DGT) and the European Master's in Translation (EMT) to localise the MMLU dataset into 11 European languages. Beyond creating a more inclusive benchmark for LLM evaluation, the project offers master's students authentic, project-based professional...
Phishing emails remain one of the most persistent cybersecurity threats, and machine-learning classifiers are widely used to detect them. Most reported detection accuracies, however, are measured on clean, in-distribution test data rather than on emails deliberately altered to evade detection. This paper reports a controlled, pairwise...
Slow fluid antenna multiple access (sFAMA), enabled by the fluid antenna system (FAS), has recently emerged as a practical and low-complexity paradigm for supporting massive wireless connectivity. While existing studies have characterized its physical-layer performance under one-shot transmission, its interaction with retransmission...