arXiv preprints from January 1, 2026 through July 28, 2026 — 05:08:33 EST
With the incredible advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs), many people have started using them to satisfy their information needs. However, utilizing LLMs might be problematic for political issues where disagreement is common and model outputs may reflect training-data biases or deliberate alignment choices. To better...
Reeb spaces of smooth functions are fundamental and strong tools in understanding manifolds via smooth functions with mild critical points. They are defined as the natural spaces of all connected components of level sets. They are also important objects in related studies. Realization of graphs as Reeb spaces of smooth functions of...
As knowledge and semantics on the web grow increasingly complex, enhancing Large Language Models (LLMs)' comprehension and reasoning capabilities has become particularly important. Chain-of-Thought (CoT) prompting has been shown to enhance the reasoning capabilities of LLMs. However, it still falls short on logical reasoning tasks...
This paper presents a super realized gain, circularly polarized strip-crossed dipole antenna operating at 3.5 GHz. Superdirective behavior is achieved by leveraging strong inter-element mutual coupling through careful adjustment of the strip dimensions. The antenna features a single driven element, with the other element passively...
As we move towards more ubiquitous computing, the concept of pervasive augmented reality (PAR) could lead to a major evolution in the relationship between humans, computing and the world. The experience of a continuously augmented world can have both benefits and undesirable consequences for users' lives, and raises many questions in...
We consider the Lamé transmission problem in $\mathbb{R}^3$ with a bounded isotropic elastic inclusion in a high-contrast setting, where the interior-to-exterior Lamé moduli and densities scale like $1/τ$ as $τ\to0$. We study the scattering resonances of the associated self-adjoint Hamiltonian, defined as the poles of the meromorphic...
Several photonic quantum technologies rely on the ability to generate multiple indistinguishable photons. Benchmarking the level of indistinguishability of these photons is essential for scalability. The Hong-Ou-Mandel dip provides a benchmark for the indistinguishability between two photons, and extending this test to the...
We consider the question of counting the degrees of freedom in theoretical models, with an emphasis on theories of fields and gravity. Among the possible approaches, the Hamiltonian formulation remains one of the most systematic and robust tools. However, it can easily become long and technically involved. In this work, we present a...
Quantum bianisotropy and chirality are fundamental concepts in light matter interaction that describe how materials with broken symmetries respond to electromagnetic fields at the level of macroscopic quantum electrodynamics. In quantum bianisotropy, magnetoelectric (ME) energy plays a critical role in mediating and enhancing light...
This article investigates the holonomy groups of K-contact sub-pseudo-Riemannian manifolds. The primary result is a proof that the horizontal holonomy group either coincides with the adapted holonomy group or acts as its normal subgroup of codimension one. The theory is adapted for metrics of indefinite signature, bypassing the...
Past studies have revealed the dependency of the disc parameters (mass, radius, viscosity, grain fragmentation velocity, dust-to-gas ratio) on the formation of giant planets, where more massive discs seem beneficial for giant planet formation. It is unclear how the different disc properties influence the composition of forming giant...
Data-driven deep learning is considered a promising solution for ground-penetrating radar (GPR) full-waveform inversion (FWI), while its generalization ability is limited due to the heavy reliance on abundant labeled samples. In contrast, Deep unfolding network (DUN) usually exhibits better generalization by integrating model-driven...
Helioseismic and recent asteroseismic observations reveal fine structure in the power spectrum with alternating peaks and troughs above the acoustic cut-off frequency. This structure is interpreted as the interference patterns of high-frequency acoustic waves excited in the solar interior and propagating into the atmosphere, known as...
Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) provide a mesh-free approach for solving differential equations by embedding physical constraints into neural network training. However, PINNs tend to overfit within the training domain, leading to poor generalization when extrapolating beyond trained spatiotemporal regions. This work presents...
We investigate the open-system dynamics of a micromaser quantum battery in the ultrastrong-coupling (USC) regime. The battery consists of a quantized harmonic mode sequentially interacting, via the Rabi Hamiltonian, with a stream of qubits acting as chargers. USC enhances the charging speed but also induces unbounded energy growth and...
We consider the Robin Laplacian in the exterior of a bounded simply-connected Lipschitz domain in the hyperbolic plane. We show that the essential spectrum of this operator is $[\frac14,\infty)$ and that, under convexity assumption on the domain, there exist discrete eigenvalues below $\frac14$ if, and only if, the Robin parameter is...
The asset pricing literature emphasizes factor models that minimize pricing errors but overlooks unselected candidate factors that could enhance the performance of test assets. This paper proposes a framework for factor model selection and testing by (i) selecting the optimal model that spans the joint efficient frontier of test...
The ribbonlength of a link is a geometric invariant defined as the infimum of the ratio of the length to the width of a folded ribbon realization of the link. In this paper, we prove that if an alternating link admits an alternating diagram with a bipartite dual graph, then its ribbonlength satisfies $$ \mathrm{Rib}(L) \le \sqrt{3} \,...
Despite being under development for over 15 years, transaction throughput remains one of the key challenges confronting blockchains, which typically has a cap of a limited number of transactions per second. A fundamental factor limiting this metric is the network latency associated with the block propagation throughout of the...
Although most theories posit that natural behavior can be explained as maximizing some form of extrinsic reward, often called utility, some behaviors appear to be reward independent. For instance, spontaneous motor babbling in human newborns and curiosity in little kids and other animals seem to elude a simple explanation in terms of...
We prove a new universal identity for umbral operators. This motivates the definition of a subclass satisfying a simplified identity, which we fully characterize. The results are illustrated with common examples of the theory of umbral calculus.
We consider a single large language model (LLM) server that serves a heterogeneous stream of queries belonging to $N$ distinct task types. Queries arrive according to a Poisson process, and each type occurs with a known prior probability. For each task type, the server allocates a fixed number of internal thinking tokens, which...
Flavins are the chromophores in several blue-light-sensitive photoreceptor proteins and act as redox cofactors in many enzymes relevant for biological processes. Despite their biological relevance and numerous, detailed optical investigations of their photophysical properties, the ultrafast nonequilibrium dynamics of their elementary...
We present MoST (Mixture of Speech and Text), a novel multimodal large language model that seamlessly integrates speech and text processing through our proposed Modality-Aware Mixture of Experts (MAMoE) architecture. While current multimodal models typically process diverse modality representations with identical parameters,...
In this proceedings we explore the physics potential of the ESSnuSBplus setup to study beam and non-beam based physics scenarios in both standard and new physics cases. The ESSnuSBplus setup consists of three neutrino sources: the main ESS linac, a low energy monitored neutrino beam and a low energy nuSTORM facility and three...