arXiv preprints from January 1, 2026 through September 23, 2026 — 08:23:06 EST
We describe the asymptotics of Chebyshev polynomials on an analytic Jordan arc in the plane. This gives an affirmative answer to a conjecture of Christiansen-Simon-Zinchenko, based on predictions of Widom from 1969. The proof combines weighted Faber polynomials with extremal signatures, discrete orthogonal polynomials and a...
Machine learning ethics researchers and critical HCI scholars have argued that algorithmically predicting gender is wrong. At the same time, other researchers rely on predicted gender labels to study gender disparities and develop algorithmic fairness techniques. How do we reconcile these two seemingly contradictory intuitions? We...
We study fundamental gaps for the Dirichlet \(p\)-Laplacian on bounded convex domains with convex potentials. We prove log-concavity of the positive first eigenfunction by a regularization and two-point maximum principle. For \(N\geq2\), we identify a sharp transition at \(p=2\) through collapsing smooth convex domains: the gap...
Covariate-adaptive randomization procedures are widely used in clinical trials to improve covariate balance. In modern applications, experimenters often have access to many covariates, motivating the need for a theory of covariate-adaptive randomization procedures with a diverging number of covariates. In this paper, we study the...
Although multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have shown substantial potential in visual understanding and graphic code generation, editing scientific figures through code presents a greater challenge: a model must jointly recover visual structure, ground the requested change, generate compilable code, and preserve all unrelated...
We perform a linearized stability analysis of the Vlasov--Fokker--Planck equation obtained as the mean-field description of a stochastic spontaneous aggregation model with memory. Memory is represented by a chain of $K$ internal variables. We characterize the spatially homogeneous equilibria and derive a scalar dispersion relation for...
In this article, we explore a new paradigm for statistical inference. The approach centers around the point estimate based on observed data, simulating replicates using the estimate as the truth to produce clones of the estimate, with inference deriving from the clone distribution. It avoids prospective finite-dimensional model...
Contact-rich manipulation failures are often detected only after the robot has committed to contact. This is especially limiting in wrist-camera setups: close gripper--object views help observe contact, but a poor approach may already push, miss, slip, or disturb the object before conventional detectors react. We introduce...
A lattice Boltzmann scheme for the three-dimensional compressible Navier--Stokes--Fourier equations, derived automatically from the declared system by a symbolic compiler, is validated against exact solutions and published reference data. The declared system carries the viscous stress and the heat flux as transported state, and is...
This paper proposes a parameter estimation scheme for uplink MIMO systems assisted by a Hybrid Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface (HRIS). To reduce hardware complexity, the HRIS employs a small number of active elements arranged in a sparse coprime geometry for local sensing, while the remaining elements passively reflect signals....
Metallic nanostructures confine electromagnetic fields at subwavelength scales, making them attractive as plasmonic nanoantennas. At these scales, the response of metals becomes nonlocal, and the hydrodynamic model is widely used to capture this response. However, existing solvers provide only the response to a prescribed excitation...
Tendermint is among the most widely studied and deployed Byzantine fault-tolerant (BFT) consensus protocols, owing in part to its native leader-rotation mechanism that subsumes complex view changes. Like most partially-synchronous BFT protocols, Tendermint tolerates $f < n/3$ Byzantine processes and decides in three communication...
Transformer-based language models are known to sometimes generalize to sequences longer than seen during training, but we lack a precise characterization of which tasks admit length generalization. It is not even known which regular languages transformers length-generalize on -- and this is a foundational class of languages. Our...
Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) explosively destroy carbon-oxygen white dwarfs (WDs) in multiple stellar systems. They produce approximately 50% of the iron-group elements in the Universe, synthesize electron-capture (EC) elements, drive nuclear physics experiments, and underpin high-precision cosmology. To first order, the outcome is...
Many questions across the sciences take the same form: several coupled series are observed together, and the analyst wants to know not merely that they move together but which one moves first, and how strongly. This paper sets out a complete method built on one organising idea: the direction of a coupled system is exactly the part of...
Instruction-tuned language models achieve strong performance across a range of generation tasks, but have also recently been shown to exhibit verbalized overconfidence. In question answering, verbalized model overconfidence may be associated with the consistency of the generated supporting rationales. In this paper, we study whether...
Computing neutrino oscillation probabilities is a solved problem; computing their derivatives is not. We present MANGO (MANGO: A Neutrino Gradient Oscillator), a composable oscillation engine in which every computed quantity is differentiable with respect to all inputs, including propagation geometry, detector depth, and individual...
Assessing the maturity of artificial intelligence technologies is essential for investment decisions, project management, and policy monitoring, yet the available readiness frameworks are heterogeneous and difficult to apply automatically: the adaptation of Technology Readiness Levels to AI lacks AI-specific gating criteria, the...
Bond-dependent magnetic interactions, exemplified by the Kitaev model, are known to arise from the interplay between spin-orbit coupling(SOC) and specific coordination geometries, yet their existence has so far been predominantly associated with edge-sharing octahedral systems. Whether analogous interactions survive in edge- sharing...
Transformer-based language models achieve strong performance but incur substantial inference cost due to repeated high-dimensional matrix multiplications. We propose Reduced Matrix Multiplication (RMM), a training-free, input-adaptive inference method that reduces Transformer matrix products by selecting informative slices along their...
Self-supervised learning (SSL) speech representations achieve strong performance for Parkinson's disease (PD) detection within individual corpora. However, it remains unclear whether these models capture disease-related characteristics or exploit dataset-specific confounds, particularly since most SSL backbones are pretrained...
Aerodynamic unsteadiness is inherent to the operation of many engineering applications, especially those that involve large-scale rotating blades, such as modern wind turbines. Over the past few decades, wind turbine rotors have grown rapidly and are now exceeding 200 meters in diameter, causing them to operate in conditions where...
Early-phase clinical trials for dose selection typically enrol few patients and aim to identify doses that are both safe and promising for further study. While traditional approaches identify the maximum tolerated dose, modern trials for targeted therapies often seek the optimal biological dose, defined as the lowest dose achieving...
Visual bottlenecks that focus policy inputs on regions of interest (ROIs) can improve data-efficient visuomotor learning by separating where to look from how to act. Many ROI interfaces rely on external spatial labels, such as gaze, object classes, or affordance annotations. Label-free alternatives often derive crops from trajectories...
Transition metal borides are attracting increasing interest due to their unique properties. They are not only characterised by very high hardness, but also considerable chemical and thermal stability. Silver, on the other hand, is a good material for increasing electrical and thermal conductivity, wear resistance and has antibacterial...