arXiv preprints from January 1, 2026 through July 21, 2026 — 10:22:04 EST
As AI systems grow increasingly capable of operating for hours or days at a time, users' prompts are transforming into elaborate specifications for the AI to autonomously work on. While prompting for bounded, single-turn tasks has been extensively studied, less is known about how people communicate specifications for long-horizon...
In a digraph $D$,a quasi-kernel is an independent set $Q$ such that for every vertex $u$, there is a vertex $v \in Q$ satisfying $\text{dist}(v,u)\leq 2$. In 1974 Chvátal and Lovász showed every digraph contains a quasi-kernel. In 1976, P. L. Erdős and Székely conjectured that every sourceless digraph has a quasi-kernel of order at...
We present results and analyses from the third VoicePrivacy Challenge held in 2024, which focuses on advancing voice anonymization technologies. The task was to develop a voice anonymization system for speech data that conceals a speaker's voice identity while preserving linguistic content and emotional state. We provide a systematic...
Recent developments in causal machine learning methods have made it easier to estimate flexible relationships between confounders, treatments and outcomes, making unconfoundedness assumptions in causal analysis more palatable. How successful are these approaches in recovering ground truth baselines? In this paper we analyze a new data...
The paper presents an improved upper bound (achievability result) on the optimal tradeoff between Normalized Delivery Time (NDT) and computation load for distributed computing MapReduce systems in certain ranges of the parameters. The upper bound is based on interference alignment combined with zero-forcing. The paper further provides...
Patterning of precipitates along dislocation lines arising from nonequilibrium segregation during ion irradiation is investigated in model binary alloys. Lattice kinetic Monte Carlo simulations reveal that the competition between solute advection by point defects to the dislocation and thermal diffusion along the dislocation can...
Gravitational-wave (GW) observatories have used template-based search to detect hundreds of compact binary coalescences (CBCs). However, template-based search cannot detect astrophysical sources that lack accurate waveform models, including core-collapse supernovae, neutron star glitches, and cosmic strings. Here, we present a novel...
Dominating Set is a well-known combinatorial optimization problem which finds application in computational biology or mobile communication. Because of its $\mathrm{NP}$-hardness, one often turns to heuristics for good solutions. Many such heuristics have been empirically tested and perform rather well. However, it is not well...
Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown strong performance on code understanding tasks, yet they fundamentally lack the ability to perform precise, exhaustive mathematical reasoning about program behavior. Existing benchmarks either focus on mathematical proof automation, largely disconnected from real-world software, or on...
For a crystal group $Γ$ in dimension $n$, a closed subspace $\mathcal{V}$ of $L^2(\mathbb{R}^n)$ is called $Γ$--shift invariant if, for every $f\in\mathcal{V}$, the shifts of $f$ by every element of $Γ$ also belong to $\mathcal{V}$. The main purpose of this paper is to provide a characterization of the $Γ$--shift invariant closed...
The Instruction Set Architecture (ISA) defines processor operations and serves as the interface between hardware and software. As an open ISA, RISC-V lowers the barriers to processor design and encourages widespread adoption, but also exposes processors to security risks such as functional bugs. Processor fuzzing is a powerful...
We study privacy amplification by shuffling for binary-input local randomizers with a fixed finite output alphabet and full support. For a dataset containing exactly k ones among n users, let T_{n,k} denote the shuffled histogram law. For fixed-composition neighboring shuffled histogram laws in the interior regime, we identify the...
DarkSide-20k (DS-20k) is a next-generation dual-phase liquid argon (LAr) time projection chamber (TPC) devoted to the direct-detection of dark matter. The detector is currently under construction in Hall-C at the Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Italy, at a depth of approximately 3500 m water equivalent. The detector will...
Ensuring safety is a critical challenge in applying Reinforcement Learning (RL) to real-world scenarios. Constrained Reinforcement Learning (CRL) addresses this by maximizing returns under predefined constraints, typically formulated as the expected cumulative cost. However, expectation-based constraints overlook rare but high-impact...
Herbig Ae/Be stars (HAeBes) are critical tracers of intermediate- and high-mass star formation, yet their census remains incomplete compared to low-mass young stellar objects like T-Tauri stars. To expand the known population, we systematically searched for HAeBes in LAMOST DR7 low-resolution spectra. Following Sun et al., we applied...
In this paper we analyze the Finnish road network as a graph in order to measure whether the "rurality" or "urbanity" of an area correlates with local geometrical properties of the graph. Our primary motivation is the observation that the road systems in rural areas look similar to hyperbolic graphs, while in large cities they...
The exploration of vast genotype spaces poses fundamental challenges for evolving populations. As the number of genotypes encoding viable phenotypes grows exponentially with genome length, populations can only explore a tiny fraction of these immense spaces, a fact consistently supported by empirical and theoretical evidence....
CP-PAW is a combined electronic structure and ab-initio molecular dynamics code to perform mixed quantum and classical simulations of atomistic condensed phase systems, such as solids, liquids, and molecular systems. As the name suggests, the CP-PAW code unifies the all-electron projector augmented-wave method with the Car-Parrinello...
Autonomous systems often operate in multi-agent settings and need to make concurrent, strategic decisions, typically in uncertain environments. Verification and control problems for these systems can be tackled with concurrent stochastic games (CSGs), but this model requires transition probabilities to be precisely specified - an...
The rapid integration of AI algorithms in safety-critical applications such as autonomous driving and healthcare is raising significant concerns about the ability to meet stringent safety standards. Traditional tools for formal safety verification struggle with the black-box nature of AI-driven systems and lack the flexibility needed...
We address issues related to the presence of defects at finite-temperature topological transitions, in particular when defects are modeled in terms of further variables associated with a quenched disorder, corresponding to the limit in which the defect dynamics is very slow. As a paradigmatic model, we consider the classical...
In this paper, inspired by the multigrid method, we propose a multi-level deep framework for deep solvers. Overall, it divides the entire training process into different levels of training. At each level of training, an adaptive sampling method proposed in this paper is first employed to obtain new training points, so that these...
We derive a hydrodynamic model for the motion of inertial particles with a spherical hard core, interacting through lubrication forces and pairwise repulsive forces. The repulsion arises from the assumption that each particle is surrounded by a thin rough layer of reduced permeability. We prove that, as the number of particles tends...
Generative AI challenges traditional assessments by allowing students to produce correct answers without demonstrating understanding or reasoning. Rather than prohibiting AI, this work argues that one way to integrate AI into education is by creating uncertain situations with the help of AI models and using thinking-oriented teaching...
Intrusion detection systems (IDS) are essential for protecting computer systems and networks against a wide range of cyber threats that continue to evolve over time. IDS are commonly categorized into two main types, each with its own strengths and limitations, such as difficulty in detecting previously unseen attacks and the tendency...