arXiv preprints from January 1, 2026 through July 20, 2026 — 08:46:00 EST
Motion-mediated trapped-ion gates typically apply synchronized state-dependent forces to both target ions. We consider the complementary setting in which one addressing channel alternates between the targets, so their force windows do not overlap. In a complex-amplitude near-resonant description, each window generates a displacement...
Large language models are increasingly deployed as agents, but reliable agentic behavior requires more than next-token prediction. At inference time, it is preferred that an agent can decide whether to proceed with its current reasoning, defer to a stronger model, request additional information, invoke external tools, or abstain under...
Safe and socially compliant navigation remains a fundamental challenge for autonomous robots operating in human-populated environments. Beyond collision avoidance, robots must anticipate human motion and respect personal space to ensure human comfort. Model Predictive Control (MPC) offers a robust alternative to classical and...
Runtime logs are an important source of information that supports software maintenance. To obtain useful logs, developers spend significant effort identifying appropriate log locations, assigning correct severity levels, and writing concise yet informative messages. Therefore, end-to-end automated log statement generation can help...
Biological fibers exhibit exceptional mechanical properties such as high stiffness, toughness, and elasticity. The stiffness of bio-fibers is governed by a hierarchical microstructure that is highly sensitive to the extraction method, post-processing, and environmental factors such as temperature. Commonly, the microstructure features...
Let $\emph{spex}_{\mathcal{P}}(n,F)$ and $\emph{spex}_{\mathcal{OP}}(n,F)$ be the maximum spectral radius among all $n$-vertex $F$-free planar graphs and outerplanar graphs, respectively. Define $C_{k,l}$ as a graph obtained from $C_k \cup C_l$ such that the two cycles share a common vertex, where $l \ge k \ge 3$. In the 1990s,...
What a language model will and will not do is largely set during post-training, but which behaviors it expresses, hides, or resists is not revealed by prompting alone. Persona vectors, behavioral directions in activation space, can probe this organization, but prior work covers only a handful of traits. We present the first systematic...
Speculative decoding accelerates autoregressive language model inference by using a cheap drafter to propose multiple future tokens and a target model to verify them. A common design goal is therefore to improve draft quality while reducing auxiliary parameters and systems overhead. We study a negative result for this direction...
This paper investigates an energy-efficient active stacked intelligent metasurfaces (ASIM)-assisted downlink transmission framework, where a multi-antenna base station (BS) serves multiple users through a multi-layer metasurface architecture. Unlike conventional passive intelligent surfaces, the considered ASIM employs active...
Sleep apnea diagnosis via polysomnography remains resource intensive and relies on time consuming manual data analysis and scoring. Recent work has demonstrated that central nervous system effects of sleep apnea events can be detected through electroencephalogram (EEG) signals. However, most work uses a single feature type on various...
Researchers increasingly use automated classifiers to label unstructured data for statistical analysis. Existing rectification methods can correct errors in these automated labels using a probability-sampled audit set, but they usually treat the audit labels as correct. In practice, human audit labels are often noisy, and only some...
WR 25 is a massive colliding-wind binary in the Carina nebula comprising a WN6ha primary with an O5 companion in an eccentric 208-d orbit. Recent spectroscopic analysis estimates the total binary mass to approach $100\,M_\odot$, and a primary-to-secondary mass ratio of $q= M_1/M_2\approx2$. The presence of additional spectroscopic...
This paper investigates a multi-layer reinsurance chain within a stochastic differential game framework involving m competing insurers and n reinsurers. Specifically, Stackelberg differential games are employed to characterize the strategic interactions between reinsurance buyers and sellers at each layer of the chain. In addition, a...
We develop a modeling framework for pricing bivariate interest rate exotic derivatives that maintains consistency across three interconnected markets: CMS spread options and the two underlying CMS option markets that define the spread. Our approach also enables the computation of no-arbitrage bounds for exotic derivatives given...
The class of $q$-Bass martingales provides a natural answer to a central question in martingale optimal transport: how to construct martingales with prescribed initial and terminal marginals whose transition kernel remains as close as possible to a given reference measure $q$. We prove the existence of $q$-Bass martingales when the...
Large Language Models (LLMs) have emerged as powerful tools for processing the heterogeneous information environments of modern financial markets. This paper presents a systematic, comparative evaluation of five prominent LLMs: GPT-4 Turbo, Claude 3 Opus, Gemini 1.5 Pro, Llama 3 70B, and the domain-specialized FinGPT, with respect to...
Foster and Viswanathan (1996) extend the discrete-time setting of Kyle (1985) to multiple informed traders who have partial information about the stock's terminal dividend. We resolve two long-standing open problems in this literature. First, we prove that an equilibrium exists in the setting of Foster and Viswanathan (1996). Second,...
In this paper, we propose a novel asymptotic fractional-order stochastic dominance rule for ranking prospects over a sufficiently long investment horizon. The new rule formulates the consensus of decision makers whose relative risk aversion has a negative lower bound. Under the assumption that returns are lognormally distributed, we...
The deep hedging framework of Buehler et al. (2019) trains a neural network policy, via Monte Carlo simulation of price paths and stochastic gradient descent, to minimize a risk measure applied to the terminal hedging error. In a recent stream of papers, my coauthors and I have described this technique as reinforcement learning (RL)....
AlphaFold2's 93 million parameters, shaped by the evolutionary record of protein structure encoded in the Protein Data Bank and in sequence alignments, are conventionally treated only as machinery for converting sequence to structure. We propose they are also a scientific object that can be analyzed directly: a learned encoding of...
Collective migration of epithelial monolayers emerges from the interplay between mechanical interactions and biochemical signalling. Here, we present a phenomenological mechanobiological framework linking cell-scale orientational interactions to tissue-scale mechanics. We distinguish reversible and irreversible head-on and glancing...
Attempts to quantify biological complexity often consider intrinsic structural properties at a chosen hierarchical level and resolution, such as counts of body parts and their degree of differentiation. These measures are inherently \emph{syntactic}, being concerned with the information needed to specify an arrangement rather than the...
We describe a model of perceptual inference in primary visual cortex (V1) equivalent to a minimal diffusion model whose function can be readily understood from its parameters. The model is based on sparse coding with a non-factorial prior over latent variables in the form of an unconstrained, pairwise interaction matrix, extending...
The primate visual system is typically divided into two streams - the ventral stream, responsible for object recognition, and the dorsal stream, responsible for encoding spatial relations and motion. Recent studies have shown that convolutional neural networks (CNNs) pretrained on object recognition tasks are remarkably effective at...
Standard phylogenetic reconstruction techniques often yield unrooted phylogenetic networks; these are subsequently rooted to infer evolutionary history. A common problem in this process is to determine the structural classes to which the resulting network will belong. In this paper, we investigate unrooted networks in which the choice...