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2026-09-15 17:47 UTC · gr-qc · gr-qc

A Fully Analytic Expression for the 2PN N-Body Hamiltonian

Felix M. Heinze, Gerhard Schäfer, Bernd Brügmann

We present a complete analytic expression for the $N$-body Hamiltonian of nonspinning point particles at second post-Newtonian (2PN) order in the Arnowitt-Deser-Misner (ADM) gauge. Recent work reduced the general $N$-body Hamiltonian to a form containing a single unresolved integral term, which prevented a fully explicit closed-form representation. Here, we evaluate this integral analytically and thereby obtain a fully explicit closed-form expression for the general 2PN $N$-body Hamiltonian. We outline the main steps of the derivation and validate the analytic expression through direct numerical comparisons with the original integral representation.
arXiv abstractPDF

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