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2026-01-21 09:59 UTC · astro-ph.HE · astro-ph.HE

SN 2023zcu: A Type IIP SN with Early Flash Features

Monalisa Dubey, Kuntal Misra, Géza Csörnyei, Raya Dastidar, D. Andrew Howell, David J. Sand, Stefano Valenti, WeiKang Zheng, Alexei V. Filippenko, Saurabh Jha, Jesper Sollerman, Peter Brown, Kate D. Alexander, Moira Andrews, Jennifer Andrews, Dre Betz, Emma Born, Kate Bostow, K. Azalee Bostroem, Sea'n J. Brennan, Thomas G. Brink, Collin Christy, Elma Chuang, Yize Dong, Naveen Dukiya, Joseph R. Farah, Noah Franz, Estefania Padilla Gonzalez, Joshua Haislip, Emily Hoang, Griffin Hosseinzadeh, Brian Hsu, Connor Jennings, Vladimir Kouprianov, M. J. Lundquist, Colin Macrie, Curtis McCully, Andrew Mchaty, Darshana Mehta, Katie Mora, Megan Newsome, Jeniveve Pearson, Neil Pichay, Conor Ransome, Aravind P. Ravi, Daniel E. Reichart, Nicolás Meza Retamal, Sophia Risin, Manisha Shrestha, Ajay Kumar Singh, Nathan Smith, Bhagya Subrayan, Giacomo Terreran, William Wu

We present a detailed photometric and spectroscopic analysis of the Type IIP supernova SN~2023zcu, which exploded in the galaxy NGC~2139 (redshift $z$ = 0.006). SN~2023zcu exhibits a well-sampled light curve covering the rise, plateau, and nebular phases. It has an optically thick phase of $100.6 \pm 0.6$ d with a magnitude drop of $\sim$1.7 mag in the {\em V} band during the transition between the plateau and the nebular phases. Weak emission features in the early-time spectra indicate a low-level interaction between circumstellar material (CSM) and the SN ejecta. The spectral evolution is well sampled and exhibits a prominent P-Cygni profile of H$α$, a defining characteristic of Type IIP SNe. Signatures of metal-line formation (e.g., \ion{Fe}{2}, \ion{Ca}{2} near-infrared triplet) are also evident in the spectra as the SN evolves. Spectral modeling with the radiative-transfer code \texttt{TARDIS} during the early photospheric phase (8.7--35.5 d since explosion) yields photospheric temperatures decreasing from $\sim$9,000 to $\sim$6,000 K and expansion velocities declining from $\sim$10,000 to $\sim$5,400 km s$^{-1}$. A tailored expanding photosphere method (EPM) fit based on the \texttt{TARDIS} models provides a distance estimate of $27.8 \pm 2.0$ Mpc. Nebular-phase spectra and bolometric light-curve modeling suggest a progenitor mass in the range 12--15 M$_\odot$. This thorough analysis helps to constrain progenitor properties and explosion parameters, thereby strengthening our understanding of Type IIP SNe.
arXiv abstractPDF

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